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Table 3 ORs and 95 % CIs for adulthood SEP according to mother’s marital status at birth

From: The lifelong socioeconomic disadvantage of single-mother background - the Helsinki Birth Cohort study 1934–1944

Educational attainment in adulthood (n = 12304)

 

Upper tertiary

Lower tertiary

Upper secondary

Basic or less or unknown

Number of mothers unmarried/total

25/1300

87/2726

162/3060

293/5218

 Model 1

Ref.

1.67

2.87

2.95

(1.07–2.62)

(1.87–4.40)

(1.95–4.47)

 Model 2

Ref.

1.71

3.04

3.40

(1.08–2.73)

(1.96–4.72)

(2.17–5.20)

 Model 3

Ref.

1.53

2.28

2.48

(.98–2.43)

(1.46–3.56)

(1.61–3.83)

Occupational status in adulthood (n = 12047)

 

High official

Low official

Self–employed

Manual worker

Number of mothers unmarried/total

36/1527

172/4468

55/1191

278/4861

 Model 1

Ref.

1.62

2.02

2.58

(1.21–2.34)

(1.32–3.09)

(1.81–3.66)

 Model 2

Ref.

1.55

2.16

2.75

(1.06–2.57)

(1.39–3.35)

(1.92–3.95)

 Model 3

Ref.

2.29

1.86

2.0

(.88–1.89)

(1.21–2.93)

(1.38–2.89)

Income in adulthood (n = 12251)

 

Highest third

Intermediate third

Lowest third

Number of mothers unmarried/total

130/4084

189/4081

246/4086

 Model 1

Ref.

1.53

1.91

(1.22–1.93)

(1.54–2.37)

 Model 2

Ref.

1.63

2.09

(1.28–2.07)

(1.66–2.64)

 Model 3

Ref.

1.43

1.75

(1.13–1.83)

(1.39–2.21)

  1. Educational attainment and occupational status indicate maximum position as recorded in the National Census at 5-year intervals between 1970 and 2000. Maximum income level is based on state taxation from the same period. For each recorded year, taxable incomes were log transformed and standardised separately for men and women
  2. Model 1 adjusted for year of birth and sex
  3. Model 2 adjusted as in model 1 + birth order, birth weight, mother’s age, length of gestation and evacuation abroad without parents during World War II
  4. Model 3 adjusted as in model 2 + mother’s occupational status (clerical/worker)
  5. OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals, SEP socioeconomic position (education, occupation and income)