What is the impact of flexicurity on the chances of entry into employment for people with low education and activity limitations due to health problems? A comparison of 21 European countries using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)

Table 2 Dimensions and indicators of flexicurity

Core dimensions	Operationalization	Indicators
Flexible and reliable contractual arrangements	Employment protection legislation	EPL (general) EPT (EPL for temporary employees) EPL OR EPT
Comprehensive lifelong learning strategies	Life-long learning	LLL - Proportion in education and training during the past 4 weeks
Effective labour market policies	Active labour market policy	PES - Expenditure on public employment services standardized to the proportion unemployed
Effective labour market policies	Active labour market policy	ALMP - Expenditure on ALMP measures (training, job rotation/job sharing, employment incentives, supported employment and rehabilitation, direct job creation and start-up incentives) standardized to the proportion unemployed ALMPtot – summary of PES and ALMP
Modern social security systems	a. Social security	PLMP - Expenditure on unemployment standardized to the proportion unemployed
	a. Social security	Sickben - Expenditure on sickness benefits standardized to the proportion with activity limitations in the age group 45–64 years PLMP OR Sickben
	b. Social services	ExpChild - Expenditure on social services directed at families standardized to the proportion 0–4 years
	b. Social services	ExpOld - Expenditure on social services directed at pensioners standardized to the proportion 65+ years SocExp – summary of ExpChild and ExpOld

ISSN: 1471-2458