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Table 1 Age-standardized Socio-demographic Characteristics, Health Behaviors, and Health Outcomes by Sexual Orientation Identity among U.S. Men and Women, National Health Interview Survey, 2013 and 2014 (N = 69,270)

From: Sexual orientation identity disparities in health behaviors, outcomes, and services use among men and women in the United States: a cross-sectional study

 

Men (n = 30,961)

Women (n = 38,309)

Heterosexual

Gay

Bisexual

“Something else”/Do not know

Heterosexual

Lesbian

Bisexual

“Something else”/Do not know

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Sample size

29,967

97.2

624

1.8

162

0.4

208

0.5

37,185

97.2

525

1.4

353

0.9

246

0.5

Sociodemographics

 Race/ethnicity

  White

18,848

70.1

413

76.2

105

73.1

96

52.7

22,542

68.3

315

71.4

231

73.5

123

56.4

  Black

3,918

10.7

79

9.8

19

7.6

34

14.6

5,699

12.3

100

12.7

61

16.0

38

11.0

  Latino/Hispanic

4,787

13.0

96

10.8

21

7.8

43

19.8

6,086

12.9

77

12.5

43

7.2

51

17.5

  Native American

398

1.0

5

0.4

2

1.1

5

1.5

446

0.9

9

1.1

9

2.6

7

1.3

  Asian/Pacific Islander

1,873

5.2

28

2.8

15

10.4

29

11.4

2,235

5.6

18

2.3

4

0.7

25

13.8

 Educational attainment

  < High school

8,832

29.4

130

19.9

28

18.0

53

29.0

10,182

28.2

116

22.8

84

21.0

69

25.4

  High school graduate

3,831

11.8

24

5.8

14

6.8

47

22.7

4,826

11.1

31

3.9

41

12.7

65

25.8

  Some college

8,651

28.5

197

33.1

63

28.9

44

24.1

11,776

31.6

190

34.9

122

37.3

54

25.6

  ≥ College

8,534

30.3

273

41.2

57

46.3

58

24.2

10,242

29.1

187

38.4

106

29.0

53

23.2

 Marital status

  Married

14,501

61.1

78

19.2

31

22.0

38

20.6

15,370

52.7

89

23.6

60

30.8

53

30.8

  Divorced/separated/widowed

6,652

17.3

71

16.1

35

26.6

52

24.8

12,741

27.6

103

22.2

95

32.9

77

27.6

  Never married

8,761

21.6

472

64.7

96

51.4

116

54.6

8,972

19.7

329

54.2

194

36.3

116

41.6

 Unemployed (yes)

19,407

37.5

438

40.9

98

52.2

107

49.8

19,634

47.3

344

43.1

215

49.2

124

51.1

 Annual Household income (<$35,000 per year)

10,769

29.3

229

31.9

78

36.0

120

43.3

15,607

34.7

215

32.7

192

45.4

147

53.7

 Living in poverty (<100 % Federal Poverty Level)

4,284

11.1

79

10.4

33

15.2

70

29.4

6,885

14.1

102

12.3

105

23.3

73

25.9

 Occupation

  Professional/management

6,339

74.0

191

75.4

38

77.9

26

74.3

5,213

73.1

110

72.9

53

70.1

20

74.4

  Support Services

7,262

15.6

279

12.5

61

11.0

49

8.9

20,892

20.3

264

18.3

199

16.9

110

21.6

  Laborers

14,578

10.4

140

12.1

53

11.1

110

16.8

7,615

6.6

120

8.8

79

13.0

68

4.0

 Region of residence

  Northeast

4,797

18.0

114

19.6

24

16.1

36

16.3

6,036

17.7

103

22.9

52

13.8

35

16.7

  Midwest

6,392

23.1

92

13.9

28

22.3

40

18.4

7,654

22.4

92

19.0

70

27.6

45

17.6

  South

10,528

36.5

221

35.7

47

32.5

63

33.3

13,754

38.0

189

33.5

120

32.5

85

38.4

  West

8,250

22.4

197

30.8

63

29.1

69

32.0

9,741

21.9

141

24.6

111

26.1

81

27.3

Health behaviors

 Sleep duration

  < 7 h

9,157

30.6

198

30.5

52

25.8

60

30.2

11,570

30.7

190

33.6

123

29.6

74

32.5

  7 h

8,835

29.7

190

30.4

53

36.4

61

32.6

10,062

28.1

140

27.4

86

32.9

47

17.4

  > 7 h

11,708

39.7

232

39.1

57

37.8

80

37.2

15,155

41.2

188

39.0

139

37.5

111

50.1

 Smoking status

  Never

15,919

52.1

307

48.1

87

50.4

110

51.8

24,306

64.8

265

50.5

178

51.7

164

73.1

  Former

7,941

29.2

152

30.2

32

23.4

46

21.6

7,166

20.6

113

28.2

73

32.4

45

16.5

  Current

6,067

18.7

164

21.7

43

26.2

51

26.6

5,666

14.6

147

21.3

102

15.9

37

10.4

 Alcohol consumption

  Never

4,402

14.7

46

6.4

20

9.5

41

19.9

9,874

26.0

74

14.2

51

24.1

92

42.6

  Current

20,545

69.0

516

81.1

126

80.1

128

60.0

21,360

58.7

381

67.2

274

64.7

115

41.3

  Former

4,722

16.3

59

12.5

16

10.4

38

20.1

5,674

15.3

67

18.6

28

11.2

37

16.1

  Heavy drinking a

1,761

6.8

42

6.5

15

12.9

15

6.1

1,785

5.7

41

9.7

46

15.6

18

6.3

  5+ drinks on at least 2 days b

7,538

32.2

188

29.7

61

45.0

43

30.5

4,357

17.5

117

24.1

107

31.7

33

19.1

 Leisure-time physical activity

  Never/unable

9,010

30.7

129

22.1

41

25.7

64

32.8

12,858

34.3

158

32.1

69

18.1

89

31.8

  Low

9,660

32.8

209

34.4

53

35.5

67

29.8

11,568

31.6

174

35.0

120

35.0

75

35.7

  High

11,169

36.5

285

43.5

68

38.8

76

37.4

12,669

34.1

190

32.9

161

46.9

80

32.5

Sad (past 30 days) (≥mostly)

850

2.7

28

3.4

3

2.4

11

4.8

1,487

3.7

32

5.6

31

6.8

15

8.0

Health outcomes

 Overweight prevalence c

20,868

72.1

372

63.8

91

48.4

117

61.3

20,885

58.5

325

63.8

199

64.3

132

57.1

 Obesity prevalence d

8,506

29.8

145

25.0

45

19.1

44

18.8

10,724

29.4

183

36.7

123

38.3

72

33.1

 Hypertension (yes)

9,915

37.0

189

39.0

40

32.2

73

34.4

12,491

35.5

134

32.2

68

32.1

82

36.5

 Diabetes (yes)

3,183

12.5

54

10.2

13

11.4

26

10.4

3,857

10.7

38

7.7

17

7.1

33

16.2

 Cancer (yes)

2,471

10.2

58

13.4

10

12.7

10

4.2

3,718

10.8

46

11.0

31

16.0

13

4.4

 Heart disease (yes)

3,543

13.5

75

15.2

18

16.9

27

15.6

3,905

10.8

44

9.9

26

7.2

27

11.1

 Stroke (yes)

937

3.5

10

1.9

3

1.1

11

8.2

1,198

3.2

27

5.8

7

3.4

10

2.8

 Functional limitation (yes)

9,481

34.8

181

35.4

56

37.7

95

52.0

15,472

43.1

226

49.6

147

46.8

125

53.2

 Any Injury (3 months)

970

3.0

29

3.5

6

1.5

6

2.2

1,264

2.9

26

4.9

33

6.5

11

2.6

Healthcare access and utilization

 Health insurance (no)

5,096

14.0

96

12.4

26

17.8

52

24.5

4,982

12.0

80

12.0

69

11.9

40

15.4

 Medicaid (yes)

2,081

6.1

47

7.5

13

7.6

35

14.6

4,490

9.5

77

10.9

59

18.3

42

14.5

 Usual place of care (yes)

23,695

84.2

505

87.3

121

82.5

142

72.5

32,937

90.9

432

87.4

283

89.7

197

85.5

 # ER visits in past year ≥2

1,689

31.7

36

36.4

13

37.1

19

49.0

3,153

38.8

60

37.1

58

52.6

30

44.1

 Delayed healthcare because of cost (yes)

2,986

8.2

99

10.8

33

20.5

31

12.7

4,288

10.5

105

15.6

86

13.1

39

10.8

 HPV vaccine (initiation, yes)

535

2.0

31

4.8

8

4.5

5

3.7

2,756

8.6

59

10.1

85

18.2

15

5.0

 HIV testing (ever, yes)

10,257

32.0

525

79.0

95

62.5

83

38.5

14,591

36.0

268

48.7

222

52.1

93

29.9

Health status

 Excellent/very good

17,795

58.2

397

62.7

94

59.2

95

41.9

21,130

57.4

298

55.1

199

47.6

111

47.5

 Good

7,940

27.2

149

23.7

43

20.5

66

30.7

10,338

27.5

138

24.6

92

39.0

81

34.3

 Fair/poor

4,223

14.6

78

13.6

25

20.3

47

27.4

5,694

15.1

89

20.3

62

13.4

51

18.2

  1. Note. All estimates are weighted for the survey’s complex sampling design
  2. ER emergency room; a heavy drinking= > 2 drinks per day for men and >1 drink per day for women; b 5+ drinks on at least 2 days among men and women in 2013 and 4+ drinks on at least 2 days among women in 2014 only; c Overweight = ≥25 kg/m2; d Obesity = ≥30 kg/m2; HPV human papillomavirus, HIV human immunodeficiency virus