Table 2 Barriers to Linkage and Retention to HIV, HTN and TB care

Lack of acceptance of status

X

X

Forgetfulness

X

X

X

X

Poor motivation

X

X

X

X

X

X

Lack of knowledge

X

X

X

X

X

X

Fear of taking drugs/expectations of treatment

X

X

X

X

X

Preference in alternative medicine

X

X

X

X

X

Older age/male gender

X

X

Alcohol use/drug use

X

X

X

X

Patient attitudes to care/expectations of AMPATH

X

Couple/family conflicts

X

X

Promiscuity

X

X

Cultural beliefs (e.g., association with witchcraft)

X

X

X

Disclosure

X

Perceived stigma

X

X

X

X

X

Relocation

X

X

X

Lack of finances/transport/food

X

X

X

X

X

Busy schedule/domestic chores

X

X

X

Ending support-food/lack of food support

X

X

Distance/access to preferred health facility

X

X

X

X

X

X

Slow service/long queues

X

X

X

X

X

Limited counselling

X

X

Patient-provider relationships

X

X

X

X

Poor information by providers

X

X

Lack of case manager/availability of health providers

X

X

X

Stigma associated with health facility

X

X

X

Cost of treatment

X

X

X

Lack of specialized treatment

X

Lack of medication/availability of over-the-counter medication

X

X

Separate appointments for mother/child

X

Drug packaging

X

Competing interests from other NGOs

X

Lack of partner support/discordance

X

X

X

X

Inadequate social support

X

X

X

X

X

X

Change in social status

X

Media/peer influences

X

X

Lack of care in institutions

X

Perceived health status

X

X

X

X

X

Worsening health status/severity of illness

X

X

X

X

X

Drug side effects

X

X

X

X

Long period of treatment/frequency of appointments/need for adherence

X

X

Treatment regimens

X