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Table 1 Characteristicsa by childhood sexual abuseb (CSA) among 11,788 MSM in India

From: The prevalence and impact of childhood sexual abuse on HIV-risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in India

N (%), median (IQR)

No CSA (N = 7999)

CSA (N = 3789)

p-value*

Total (N = 11,788)

Median age

25 (21–32)

27 (22–35)

<0.001

25 (21–32)

Sexual identity

 Panthi

3228 (51.0)

640 (24.3)

<0.001

3868 (45.0)

 Kothi

1188 (9.1)

1576 (30.7)

2764 (14.0)

 Double Deckers (DD)

1771 (16.1)

980 (24.7)

2751 (18.0)

 Gay

131 (1.5)

63 (2.9)

194 (1.8)

 MSM

535 (6.0)

180 (5.8)

715 (5.9)

 Bisexual

1146 (16.3)

350 (11.6)

1496 (15.3)

Marital Status

 Never married

4693 (62.0)

2032 (53.4)

0.044

6725 (60.1)

 Currently married/living with partner

3003 (33.8)

1547 (40.6)

4550 (35.3)

 Widowed/divorced/other

303 (4.2)

210 (6.0)

513 (4.6)

Education

 Primary school or less

1866 (21.5)

746 (18.6)

0.085

2612 (20.9)

 Secondary school

3420 (45.0)

1707 (46.5)

5127 (45.3)

 High school and above

2713 (33.5)

1336 (34.9)

4049 (33.8)

Employment

 Monthly/weekly wages

3861 (49.2)

1932 (55.0)

0.001

5793 (50.5)

 Daily/seasonal wages

2769 (29.4)

1398 (30.9)

4167 (29.7)

 Unemployed

304 (4.2)

154 (3.3)

458 (4.0)

 Other (student or retired)

1065 (17.2)

305 (10.8)

1370 (15.8)

Depressiond

768 (8.8)

805 (18.2)

<0.001

1573 (10.9)

HIV infection

637 (6.0)

490 (10.6)

<0.001

1127 (7.0)

Recent HIV-related risk behaviors

Unprotected anal sex in prior 6 months

 No

2493 (31.5)

947 (23.7)

<0.001

3440 (29.8)

 Yes

4266 (49.2)

2276 (54.3)

6542 (50.4)

 No anal sex in prior 6 months

1239 (19.2)

565 (22.0)

1804 (19.8)

Median number of male sexual partners in prior 6 months

2 (1–3)

2 (1–5)

<0.001

2 (1–3)

Median number of female sexual partners in prior 6 months

1 (0–2)

0 (0–1)

0.006

1 (0–2)

Alcohol use and dependencec

 None/mild

5050 (67.0)

2028 (60.7)

0.001

7078 (65.6)

 Harmful/hazardous

1617 (18.9)

805 (20.4)

2422 (19.2)

 Alcohol dependence

1332 (14.1)

956 (18.9)

2288 (15.2)

Injection drug use in prior 6 months

99 (0.8)

41 (0.9)

0.291

140 (0.8)

Non-injection drug use in prior 6 months

1941 (16.1)

709 (13.5)

0.574

2650 (15.5)

Sex work in prior 6 months

1438 (12.7)

1612 (28.5)

<0.001

3050 (16.3)

Lifetime HIV-related risk behaviors and experiences

Median number of lifetime male sexual partners

6 (3–20)

16 (6–54)

<0.001

8 (3–24)

Median number of lifetime female sexual partners

3 (1–7)

1 (0–4)

0.134

2 (1–6)

History of sex work

1726 (15.2)

1820 (32.5)

<0.001

3546 (19.1)

Early sexual debut (before age 15)

1612 (20.4)

1368 (31.7)

<0.001

2980 (25.6)

History of injection drug use

108 (1.1)

43 (0.9)

0.040

151 (1.0)

Ever experienced intimate partner violence

389 (3.1)

1512 (33.8)

<0.001

1901 (10.0)

  1. a: Percentages and medians (IQR) are presented as RDS-II weighted. Percentages are column percentages
  2. b: CSA defined as unwanted sexual experiences such as touching or sexual intercourse (either oral or anal) before 16 years old
  3. c: Measured using AUDIT (Saunders, J. B., Aasland, OG, Babor, TF, De la Fuente, JR, Grant, M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. 1993 Addiction, 88, 791–791)
  4. d: Depression defined as a score of 10 or more on the PHQ-9 (Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001;16(9):606–613)
  5. * From multi-level logistic regression model likelihood ratio test comparing model with characteristic to intercept-only model of CSA
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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