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Table 1 Characteristicsa by childhood sexual abuseb (CSA) among 11,788 MSM in India

From: The prevalence and impact of childhood sexual abuse on HIV-risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in India

N (%), median (IQR) No CSA (N = 7999) CSA (N = 3789) p-value* Total (N = 11,788)
Median age 25 (21–32) 27 (22–35) <0.001 25 (21–32)
Sexual identity
 Panthi 3228 (51.0) 640 (24.3) <0.001 3868 (45.0)
 Kothi 1188 (9.1) 1576 (30.7) 2764 (14.0)
 Double Deckers (DD) 1771 (16.1) 980 (24.7) 2751 (18.0)
 Gay 131 (1.5) 63 (2.9) 194 (1.8)
 MSM 535 (6.0) 180 (5.8) 715 (5.9)
 Bisexual 1146 (16.3) 350 (11.6) 1496 (15.3)
Marital Status
 Never married 4693 (62.0) 2032 (53.4) 0.044 6725 (60.1)
 Currently married/living with partner 3003 (33.8) 1547 (40.6) 4550 (35.3)
 Widowed/divorced/other 303 (4.2) 210 (6.0) 513 (4.6)
Education
 Primary school or less 1866 (21.5) 746 (18.6) 0.085 2612 (20.9)
 Secondary school 3420 (45.0) 1707 (46.5) 5127 (45.3)
 High school and above 2713 (33.5) 1336 (34.9) 4049 (33.8)
Employment
 Monthly/weekly wages 3861 (49.2) 1932 (55.0) 0.001 5793 (50.5)
 Daily/seasonal wages 2769 (29.4) 1398 (30.9) 4167 (29.7)
 Unemployed 304 (4.2) 154 (3.3) 458 (4.0)
 Other (student or retired) 1065 (17.2) 305 (10.8) 1370 (15.8)
Depressiond 768 (8.8) 805 (18.2) <0.001 1573 (10.9)
HIV infection 637 (6.0) 490 (10.6) <0.001 1127 (7.0)
Recent HIV-related risk behaviors
Unprotected anal sex in prior 6 months
 No 2493 (31.5) 947 (23.7) <0.001 3440 (29.8)
 Yes 4266 (49.2) 2276 (54.3) 6542 (50.4)
 No anal sex in prior 6 months 1239 (19.2) 565 (22.0) 1804 (19.8)
Median number of male sexual partners in prior 6 months 2 (1–3) 2 (1–5) <0.001 2 (1–3)
Median number of female sexual partners in prior 6 months 1 (0–2) 0 (0–1) 0.006 1 (0–2)
Alcohol use and dependencec
 None/mild 5050 (67.0) 2028 (60.7) 0.001 7078 (65.6)
 Harmful/hazardous 1617 (18.9) 805 (20.4) 2422 (19.2)
 Alcohol dependence 1332 (14.1) 956 (18.9) 2288 (15.2)
Injection drug use in prior 6 months 99 (0.8) 41 (0.9) 0.291 140 (0.8)
Non-injection drug use in prior 6 months 1941 (16.1) 709 (13.5) 0.574 2650 (15.5)
Sex work in prior 6 months 1438 (12.7) 1612 (28.5) <0.001 3050 (16.3)
Lifetime HIV-related risk behaviors and experiences
Median number of lifetime male sexual partners 6 (3–20) 16 (6–54) <0.001 8 (3–24)
Median number of lifetime female sexual partners 3 (1–7) 1 (0–4) 0.134 2 (1–6)
History of sex work 1726 (15.2) 1820 (32.5) <0.001 3546 (19.1)
Early sexual debut (before age 15) 1612 (20.4) 1368 (31.7) <0.001 2980 (25.6)
History of injection drug use 108 (1.1) 43 (0.9) 0.040 151 (1.0)
Ever experienced intimate partner violence 389 (3.1) 1512 (33.8) <0.001 1901 (10.0)
  1. a: Percentages and medians (IQR) are presented as RDS-II weighted. Percentages are column percentages
  2. b: CSA defined as unwanted sexual experiences such as touching or sexual intercourse (either oral or anal) before 16 years old
  3. c: Measured using AUDIT (Saunders, J. B., Aasland, OG, Babor, TF, De la Fuente, JR, Grant, M. Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption-II. 1993 Addiction, 88, 791–791)
  4. d: Depression defined as a score of 10 or more on the PHQ-9 (Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001;16(9):606–613)
  5. * From multi-level logistic regression model likelihood ratio test comparing model with characteristic to intercept-only model of CSA
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