Barrier | Overall % school administratorsa (n)b | Bivariate associations at school levelc | Overall % Teachersa (n)b | Bivariate associations at classroom leveld | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95 % CI) | p-value | OR (95 % CI) | p-value | |||
Competing curriculum priorities | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 15.1 (30) | 3.63 (1.31–10.02) | 0.013 | 12.2 (35) | 5.54 (2.29–13.38) | <0.0005 |
Neutral | 8.5 (17) | 2.46 (0.77–7.88) | 0.131 | 9.4 (27) | 2.71 (1.14–6.41) | 0.024 |
Agree/strongly agree | 76.4 (152) | R | R | 78.5 (226) | R | R |
Lack of time | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 26.7 (54) | 5.75 (2.51–13.19) | <0.0005 | 14.7 (43) | 7.23 (3.02–17.31) | <0.0005 |
Neutral | 11.9 (24) | 2.00 (0.80–5.02) | 0.140 | 6.5 (19) | 2.58 (0.95–7.03) | 0.064 |
Agree/strongly agree | 61.4 (124) | R | R | 78.8 (230) | R | R |
Lack of teacher readiness | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 32.8 (66) | 4.22 (2.00–8.90) | <0.0005 | 38.2 (108) | 2.16 (1.25–3.73) | 0.006 |
Neutral | 19.9 (40) | 1.034 (0.49–2.18) | 0.925 | 20.8 (59) | 0.97 (0.50–1.86) | 0.923 |
Agree/strongly agree | 47.3 (95) | R | R | 41.0 (116) | R | R |
Lack of space | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 58.4 (118) | 2.43 (1.29–4.58) | 0.006 | 23.8 (69) | 3.15 (1.72–5.74) | <0.0005 |
Neutral | 10.4 (21) | 1.30 (0.47–3.59) | 0.608 | 13.1 (38) | 1.72 (0.83–3.57) | 0.146 |
Agree/strongly agree | 31.2 (63) | R | R | 63.1 (183) | R | R |
Bad weather | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 49.8 (101) | 2.13 (1.11–4.09) | 0.023 | 38.7 (111) | 3.03 (1.70–5.42) | <0.0005 |
Neutral | 19.7 (40) | 2.07 (0.90–4.76) | 0.088 | 25.8 (74) | 1.17 (0.62–2.21) | 0.629 |
Agree/strongly agree | 30.5 (62) | R | R | 35.5 (102) | R | R |
Students’ reluctance to participate | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 55.0 (111) | 0.93 (0.48–1.82) | 0.833 | 51.4 (146) | 1.56 (0.90–2.71) | 0.113 |
Neutral | 17.8 (36) | 0.88 (0.37–2.11) | 0.779 | 17.3 (49) | 0.87 (0.42–1.82) | 0.711 |
Agree/strongly agree | 27.2 (55) | R | R | 31.3 (89) | R | R |
Lack of equipment | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 68.0 (138) | 1.82 (0.85–3.87) | 0.122 | 41.4 (120) | 2.39 (1.41–4.04) | 0.001 |
Neutral | 14.8 (30) | 1.64 (0.60–4.48) | 0.338 | 15.9 (46) | 1.09 (0.54–2.21) | 0.814 |
Agree/strongly agree | 17.2 (35) | R | R | 42.8 (124) | R | R |
Lack of resources | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 59.2 (119) | 1.85 (0.83–4.12) | 0.131 | 38.7 (111) | 3.73 (2.08–6.69) | <0.0005 |
Neutral | 25.4 (51) | 1.36 (0.55–3.36) | 0.507 | 23.7 (68) | 0.94 (0.49–1.81) | 0.855 |
Agree/strongly agree | 15.4 (31) | R | R | 37.6 (108) | R | R |
Lack of school board support | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 48.0 (96) | 2.11 (0.89–4.99) | 0.091 | 31.7 (91) | 4.19 (2.24–7.83) | <0.0005 |
Neutral | 38.0 (76) | 1.02 (0.43–2.44) | 0.965 | 34.1 (98) | 1.66 (0.92–2.98) | 0.093 |
Agree/strongly agree | 14.0 (28) | R | R | 34.1 (98) | R | R |
Lack of amenities | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 72.0 (144) | 1.70 (0.73–3.94) | 0.217 | 56.3 (162) | 3.22 (1.67–6.22) | 0.001 |
Neutral | 15.0 (30) | 1.64 (0.56 – 4.79) | 0.369 | 23.3 (67) | 1.62 (0.76–3.48) | 0.214 |
Agree/strongly agree | 13.0 (26) | R | R | 20.5 (59) | R | R |
Lack of parent/guardian support | ||||||
Disagree/strongly disagree | 60.2 (118) | 1.95 (0.75–5.07) | 0.171 | 50.7 (142) | 1.28 (0.64–2.55) | 0.483 |
Neutral | 29.6 (58) | 1.24 (0.45–2.45) | 0.680 | 32.9 (92) | 0.64 (0.30–1.33) | 0.227 |
Agree/strongly agree | 10.2 (20) | R | R | 16.4 (46) | R | R |