Table 3 Perceptions of family functioning, family communication, family type and parenting style among children and parents

χ2 = 1.865, p = 0.172

 Well-functioning

105

38.5

32.8, 44.4

119

44.2

38.4, 50.3

 Poorly functioning

168

61.5

55.6, 67.2

150

56.8

49.7, 61.6

 Mean (SD)

273

2.05(0.49)

1.99, 2.10

269

1.97 (0.45)

1.92, 2.02

0.0612

 Conformity orientation (Mean (SD))

284

31.51 (5.30)

30.9, 32.1

284

31.49 (5.69)

30.8, 32.2

0.970

 Conversation orientation (Mean (SD))

284

37.56 (7.76)

36.7, 38.5

284

40.66 (7.05)

39.8, 41.5

<0.001

χ2 = 26.90, p < 0.001

 Laissez-faire

66

23.2

18.7, 28.5

54

19.0

14.8, 24.0

 Pluralist

57

20.1

15.8, 25.2

81

28.5

23.5, 34.1

 Consensual

79

27.8

22.9, 33.4

111

39.1

33.5, 44.9

 Protective

82

28.9

23.9, 34.5

38

13.4

9.9, 17.9

χ2 = 10.50, p < 0.05

 Authoritarian

85

30.5

25.3, 36.2

74

26.6

21.7, 32.2

 Authoritative

144

51.6

45.7, 57.5

176

63.3

57.5, 68.8

 Permissive

42

15.1

11.3, 19.8

22

7.9

5.3, 11.8

 Unengaged

8

2.9

1.4, 5.7

6

2.2

1.0, 4.7