Table 2 Baseline characteristics: overall, by race, and by intervention groupa
Characteristics | Overall | Raceb | Participant selected intervention groupc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
African | White | Lifestyle | Weight loss, group | Weight loss, combination | ||
American | ||||||
n = 339 | n = 219 | n = 117 | n = 160 | n = 57 | n = 81 | |
Demographics | ||||||
 Age, mean (SE) | 56 (0.6) | 54 (0.8) | 58 (1.0) | 57 (1.0) | 53 (1.3) | 55 (1.1) |
 Female sex | 260 (77) | 181 (83) | 76 (65) | 110 (69) | 52 (91) | 72 (89) |
Race | ||||||
 African American |  |  |  | 101 (63) | 41 (72) | 62 (79) |
 White |  |  |  | 58 (37) | 16 (28) | 17 (21) |
Education, y | ||||||
  ≤ 8 (middle school or less) | 16 (5) | 11 (5) | 5 (4) | 11 (7) | 1 (2) | 2 (3) |
 9–11 (some high school) | 45 (13) | 35 (16) | 9 (8) | 27 (17) | 5 (9) | 9 (11) |
 12 (high school graduate) | 128 (38) | 94 (43) | 34 (29) | 60 (37) | 20 (35) | 33 (41) |
 13–15 (some college) | 79 (23) | 45 (21) | 33 (28) | 35 (22) | 15 (26) | 18 (22) |
 16 (college graduate) | 49 (14) | 26 (12) | 22 (19) | 17 (11) | 11 (19) | 13 (16) |
  > 16 (graduate school) | 22 (7) | 8 (4) | 14 (12) | 10 (6) | 5 (9) | 6 (7) |
Education: high school or less | 189 (56) | 140 (64) | 48 (41) | 98 (61) | 26 (46) | 44 (54) |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married or living with a partner | 159 (47) | 82 (37) | 76 (65) | 69 (43) | 23 (40) | 41 (51) |
 Other | 180 (53) | 137 (63) | 41 (35) | 91 (57) | 34 (60) | 40 (49) |
Currently have health insurance | 251 (74) | 156 (71) | 92 (79) | 117 (73) | 45 (79) | 58 (72) |
Current employment | ||||||
 Working full time | 124 (37) | 82 (37) | 40 (34) | 46 (29) | 29 (51) | 38 (47) |
 Working part time | 42 (12) | 31 (14) | 10 (8) | 23 (14) | 4 (7) | 10 (12) |
 Do not work due to health reasons | 69 (20) | 43 (20) | 26 (22) | 37 (23) | 9 (16) | 16 (20) |
 Retired | 53 (16) | 26 (12) | 27 (23) | 29 (18) | 7 (12) | 8 (10) |
 Other | 51 (15) | 37 (17) | 14 (12) | 25 (16) | 8 (14) | 9 (11) |
Annual household income | ||||||
  < $10,000 | 62 (20) | 50 (26) | 11 (10) | 40 (29) | 6 (11) | 9 (11) |
 $10,000 to < $20,000 | 64 (21) | 45 (23) | 19 (17) | 29 (21) | 11 (21) | 18 (23) |
 $20,000 to < $40,000 | 84 (28) | 60 (31) | 23 (21) | 32 (24) | 14 (26) | 27 (35) |
 $40,000 to < $60,000 | 33 (11) | 15 (8) | 18 (17) | 11 (8) | 8 (15) | 9 (11) |
 $60,000 to < $80,000 | 27 (9) | 13 (7) | 14 (13) | 11 (8) | 11 (21) | 5 (6) |
  ≥ $80,000 | 34 (11) | 10 (5) | 24 (22) | 13 (10) | 3 (6) | 10 (13) |
CVD and risk factors for CVD | ||||||
 Known coronary heart disease | 49 (14) | 30 (14) | 19 (16) | 29 (18) | 5 (9) | 5 (6) |
 Known CVD | 62 (18) | 37 (17) | 25 (21) | 34 (21) | 7 (12) | 8 (10) |
 Hypertension | 291 (86) | 195 (89) | 95 (81) | 143 (89) | 47 (82) | 66 (81) |
Cholesterol category | ||||||
 High (≥240 mg/dL) | 187 (56) | 110 (51) | 76 (65) | 88 (56) | 31 (55) | 47 (59) |
 Borderline (200–239 mg/dL) | 46 (14) | 33 (15) | 12 (10) | 16 (10) | 11 (19) | 13 (16) |
 Desirable (<200 mg/dL) | 102 (30) | 72 (33) | 29 (25) | 54 (34) | 15 (26) | 20 (25) |
Diabetes | 124 (37) | 89 (41) | 34 (29) | 62 (39) | 21 (37) | 27 (33) |
Current cigarette smoker | 54 (16) | 37 (17) | 17 (14) | 36 (22) | 4 (7) | 5 (6) |
Packs of cigarettes smoked per day, mean (SE) for current smokers | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.3) |
Taking BP lowering medication | 260 (77) | 176 (80) | 83 (71) | 129 (81) | 43 (75) | 60 (74) |
Lifestyle mean (SE) | ||||||
 DRA total score | 27.8 (0.3) | 28.0 (0.5) | 27.6 (0.4) | 27.8 (0.5) | 27.2 (0.7) | 27.6 (0.6) |
 Fat quality screener score | 15.5 (0.2) | 15.4 (0.2) | 15.07 (0.3) | 15.4 (0.2) | 15.3 (0.3) | 15.4 (0.3) |
 Fruit and vegetable, servings per day | 3.4 (0.1) | 3.4 (0.1) | 3.5 (0.2) | 3.5 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.3) | 3.5 (0.2) |
 Carotenoid indexe, mean (SE) | 40.7 (1.3) | 41.9 (1.6) | 38.2 (2.5) | 41.1 (2.0) | 42.1 (3.5) | 39.1 (2.4) |
 Walking time, min/wkf | 91 (11.3) | 100 (16.2) | 73 (11.8) | 110 (18.8) | 97 (26.5) | 55 (13.3) |
 Activity time, min/wkg | 149 (14.0) | 150 (18.2) | 143 (21.5) | 160 (22.7) | 148 (29.1) | 135 (25.7) |
Physiologic mean (SE) | ||||||
 Weight, kg | 98.1 (1.4) | 100 (1.7) | 94 (2.3) | 93.8 (2.0) | 101.3 (3.3) | 106.4 (2.6) |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 36 (0.5) | 37 (0.6) | 34 (0.8) | 34 (0.7) | 38 (1.1) | 40 (1.0) |
 Systolic BP, mm Hgh | 135 (1.2) | 136 (1.6) | 132 (1.8) | 138 (1.8) | 130 (2.6) | 133 (2.3) |
  LS study only (n = 139) | 125 (1.3) | 126 (1.6) | 122 (2.2) | 124 (2.5) | 126 (2.7) | 126 (2.0) |
  LS and HBP study (n = 200) | 142 (1.7) | 143 (2.2) | 139 (2.4) | 142 (2.2) | 137 (5.2) | 142 (4.0) |
 Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 82 (0.7) | 83 (0.9) | 80 (1.0) | 83 (1.0) | 82 (1.4) | 81 (1.3) |
  LS study only (n = 139) | 79 (0.8) | 80 (1.0) | 76 (1.4) | 77 (1.5) | 80 (1.5) | 79 (1.5) |
  LS and HBP study (n = 200) | 84 (0.9) | 86 (1.3) | 83 (1.3) | 85 (1.2) | 87 (2.7) | 84 (2.2) |
 HbA1c, % of total Hb | 6.6 (0.1) | 6.7 (0.1) | 6.2 (0.1) | 6.5 (0.1) | 6.9 (0.3) | 6.5 (0.2) |
 Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 193 (2.3) | 191 (2.8) | 196 (4.0) | 191 (3.1) | 198 (6.0) | 189 (4.7) |
 HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 54 (0.8) | 57 (1.0) | 50 (1.4) | 55 (1.2) | 53 (1.8) | 53 (1.5) |