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Table 4 Predictors of pregnancy alcohol use: Tiers 1 and 2

From: “Did you ever drink more?” A detailed description of pregnant women’s drinking patterns

 

PAE tier 1

PAE tier 2

PAE

Any alcohol in pregnancya

Abstinent after trimester 1a

Drank throughouta

 

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

N

AOR

95 % CI

p value

Participants

1318

   

873

   

911

   

Maternal age

           

 <30 years

421

Reference

 

312

Reference

 

276

Reference

 

 30–34 years

539

1.40

(1.04–1.88)

0.03

327

1.13

(0.81–1.59)

0.47

388

1.85

(1.29–2.66)

<0.01

 > = 35 years

358

1.28

(0.92–1.77)

0.14

234

1.18

(0.81–1.71)

0.39

247

1.37

(0.92–2.05)

0.12

Pregnancy planning

           

 Yes

1004

Reference

 

662

Reference

 

719

Reference

 

 No

314

1.89

(1.40–2.55)

<0.001

211

2.05

(1.47–2.87)

<0.001

192

1.60

(1.10–2.33)

0.01

Parity

           

 > = 1

689

Reference

 

438

Reference

 

506

Reference

 

 0

629

1.03

(0.80–1.33)

0.80

435

1.39

(1.04–1.86)

0.03

405

0.75

(0.55–1.03)

0.08

Smoking

           

 No

1091

Reference

 

750

Reference

 

751

Reference

 

 Yes

227

1.94

(1.36–2.77)

<0.001

123

1.33

(0.88–2.02)

0.17

160

3.05

(2.00–4.67)

<0.001

Perceived alcohol effect

           

 Normal

652

Reference

 

388

Reference

 

442

Reference

 

 Very/quickly

551

0.47

(0.37–0.61)

<0.001

409

0.58

(0.44–0.78)

<0.001

387

0.38

(0.28–0.52)

<0.001

 Very/slowly

115

0.78

(0.50–1.20)

0.26

76

0.74

(0.44–1.24)

0.25

82

0.89

(0.52–1.53)

0.68

Household income

           

 <$40,000

168

Reference

 

131

Reference

 

109

Reference

 

 $40–100,000

578

1.16

(0.80–1.68)

0.44

394

0.93

(0.62–1.42)

0.75

410

1.53

(0.94–2.51)

0.09

 >$100,000

522

1.71

(1.15–2.54)

<0.01

313

1.32

(0.84–2.05)

0.23

356

2.43

(1.45–4.04)

<0.01

 Missing

50

0.96

(0.48–1.90)

0.91

35

0.75

(0.34–1.66)

0.48

36

1.57

(0.65–3.79)

0.31

BMI

           

 Normal

853

Reference

 

533

Reference

 

602

Reference

 

 Overweight

258

0.87

(0.63–1.18)

0.37

178

1.03

(0.72–1.47)

0.87

172

0.70

(0.48–1.03)

0.07

 Obese

207

0.53

(0.38–0.75)

<0.001

162

0.76

(0.52–1.11)

0.16

137

0.35

(0.22–0.54)

<0.001

Maternal education

           

 Secondary

230

Reference

 

162

Reference

 

159

Reference

 

 Trade/Diploma

339

1.04

(0.72–1.50)

0.84

245

1.10

(0.73–1.67)

0.65

223

0.99

(0.62–1.58)

0.98

 Tertiary

749

1.48

(1.04–2.11)

0.03

466

1.22

(0.81–1.84)

0.35

529

1.88

(1.21–2.93)

<0.01

Ethnicity

           

 White

1109

Reference

 

694

Reference

 

770

Reference

 

 Asian/other

209

0.38

(0.27–0.52)

<0.001

179

0.61

(0.42–0.88)

<0.01

141

0.19

(0.12–0.30)

<0.001

  1. N: Sample size for multivariate analysis (i.e. number of cases with a complete set of predictors, except for income, where a ‘missing’ category was included because ~ 4 % of missing data)
  2. AOR (95 % CI): Odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval adjusted for all predictors shown in table. Control group is abstinence in pregnancy, but not lifetime abstainer. Results are in bold font where a significant difference was found. For predictor variables with more than two categories (maternal age, perceived alcohol effect, income, BMI and education), p values from likelihood ratio tests (not shown) were used to evaluate the predictors. Likelihood ratio p values were <0.01 in all bolded results
  3. a: Control group is abstinence in pregnancy, but not lifetime abstainer
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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