Table 1 Socio-demographic, physical activity, diet and anthropometric profile of rural South Asian children aged 5–14 years
Mean(SD)/% | Chennai n = 146 (25.9 %) | Goa n = 218 (38.6 %) | Matlab n = 200 (35.5 %) | p-valuea | Total n = 564 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group (years) | |||||
5-9 years | 42.4 | 46.3 | 45.0 | 0.7 | 44.8 |
10–14 years | 57.5 | 53.6 | 55.0 | 55.1 | |
Sex | |||||
% Boys | 52.7 | 56.8 | 45.0 | 0.05 | 51.6 |
Highest household education status | |||||
0–5 years of education | 22.4 | 26.4 | 34.0 | 28.1 | |
6 to 12 years of education | 66.4 | 61.1 | 51.5 | <0.0001 | 59.0 |
Graduate/Post graduate | 11.2 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 12.8 | |
Socio-economic statusb(SES) | |||||
Low | 45.9 | 11.2 | 34.9 | 28.7 | |
Medium | 41.6 | 29.1 | 36.1 | <0.0001 | 34.9 |
High | 12.4 | 59.7 | 28.9 | 36.5 | |
Mode of transport to school | |||||
Active transport (walk/bicycle) | 69.2 | 69.4 | 62.0 | 66.7 | |
Motorized transport (car, bus, auto, two-wheeler) | 30.8 | 30.6 | 38.0 | 0.1 | 33.3 |
Leisure-time physical activity | |||||
< 1 h/day | 40.1 | 21.2 | 19.8 | 25.4 | |
1–2 h/day | 52.2 | 46.9 | 43.1 | 46.8 | |
2.1–4 h/day | 6.8 | 29.2 | 31.9 | <0.0001 | 24.6 |
4.1–6 h/day | 0.7 | 1.5 | 5.0 | 2.6 | |
> 6 h/day | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | |
Sedentary activity | |||||
< 1 h/day | 17.2 | 19.2 | 11.5 | 15.9 | |
1–2 h/day | 47.5 | 48.0 | 25.5 | <0.0001 | 39.7 |
2.1–4 h/day | 33.7 | 29.8 | 43.0 | 35.6 | |
4.1–6 h/day | 0.6 | 2.8 | 17.0 | 7.4 | |
> 6 h/day | 0.6 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 1.2 | |
Fruit vegetable intake | |||||
< 5servings/day | 95.7 | 94.5 | 75.0 | <0.0001 | 87.8 |
≥ 5servings/day | 4.3 | 5.5 | 25.0 | 12.2 | |
Processed food intake | |||||
< 1serving/day | 65.1 | 89.9 | 56.0 | <0.0001 | 71.5 |
≥ 1servings/day | 34.9 | 10.1 | 44.0 | 28.5 | |
Crude waist circumference (cm) | 53.4(7.0) | 56.1(7.6) | 54.6(5.4) | 0.001 | 54.8(6.8) |
Waist-z- scores | −1.4(5.1) | 1.3(6.3) | −0.3 (4.3) | <0.0001 | 0.03(5.4) |
Crude BMI | 14.7(2.1) | 14.9(2.4) | 14.7(1.7) | 0.40 | 14.8(2.1) |
BMI- z- scores | −1.4(1.1) | −1.3(1.3) | −1.3(0.9) | 0.40 | −1.3(1.1) |