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Table 4 Associations between measures of the neighbourhood built environment and objectively measured physical activitya,b

From: The association of the neighbourhood built environment with objectively measured physical activity in older adults with and without lower limb osteoarthritis

 

Total PA in minutes/day

Light PA in minutes/day

Low-light PA in minutes/day

High-light PA in minutes/day

Moderate to vigorous PA in minutes/day

 

B (SE)

B (SE)

B (SE)

B (SE)

B (SE)

Street connectivity

Number of street connections per km 2

 Model 1

0.01 (0.05)

0.02 (0.05)

0.06 (0.04)

−0.04 (0.02)

−0.01 (0.02)

 Model 2

0.08 (0.05)

0.07 (0.05)

0.07 (0.04)Â¥

0.01 (0.02)

0.01 (0.02)

Distance to health care resources in km

     

General practice

     

 Model 1

9.44 (5.19)

8.84 (4.78)

2.29 (3.48)

6.55 (2.14)

0.61 (247)

 Model 2

1.75 (4.92)c

2.64 (4.86)c

0.71 (3.40)

1.97 (2.15)c

−0.88 (1.51)

 Model 3

5.04 (5.23)c

5.65 (4.95)c

3.37 (3.60)

2.27 (2.29)c

−0.62 (1.61)

General practice center

     

 Model 1

0.19 (0.90)

0.19 (0.83)

−0.40 (0.60)

0.59 (0.37)

−0.01 (0.25)

 Model 2

0.49 (1.15)

0.59 (1.09)

0.31 (0.79)

0.29 (0.50)

−0.10 (0.35)

 Model 3

0.76 (1.16)

0.83 (1.10)

0.53 (0.79)

0.30 (0.51)

−0.07 (0.35)

Pharmacy

     

 Model 1

7.04 (4.46)

6.56 (4.10)

0.99 (2.98)

5.57 (1.83)

0.48 (1.27)

 Model 2

0.22 (4.27)c

0.73 (4.04)c

−1.30 (2.95)

2.03 (1.86)c

−0.51 (1.30)

 Model 3

3.61 (4.67)c

3.78 (4.42)c

1.25 (3.22)

2.48 (2.05)c

−0.20 (1.44)

Hospital with an outside clinic

     

 Model 1

−0.25 (1.30)

−0.41 (1.20)

−1.49 (0.86)

1.08 (0.54)Â¥

0.16 (0.37)

 Model 2

−0.66 (1.46)

0.38 (1.38)

−0.85 (1.00)

1.22 (0.63)

0.28 (0.44)

 Model 3

1.00 (1.47)

0.67 (1.39)

−0.58 (1.01)

1.26 (0.64)

0.33 (0.45)

Hospital without an outside clinic

     

 Model 1

0.14 (0.87)

0.15 (0.80)

−0.45 (0.58)

0.59 (0.36)

−0.01 (0.25)

 Model 2

0.47 (1.13)

0.59 (1.07)

0.23 (0.78)

0.35 (0.49)

−0.11 (0.34)

 Model 3

0.70 (1.13)

0.79 (1.07)

0.43 (0.78)

0.36 (0.50)

−0.09 (0.35)

Physiotherapist in km

 Model 1

9.41 (6.50)

10.59 (5.97)

1.41 (4.34)

9.19 (2.66)

−1.18 (1.84)

 Model 2

0.52 (6.27)

3.83 (5.93)

−0.25 (4.32)

4.10 (2.72)c

−3.32 (1.90)

 Model 3

4.47 (6.68)

7.78 (6.31)

3.03 (4.59)

4.72 (2.91)c

−3.30 (2.04)

Distance to retail resources in km

     

Supermarket

     

 Model 1

7.44 (4.83)

5.67 (4.45)

−0.22 (3.23)

5.89 (1.99)

1.77 (1.37)

 Model 2

1.60 (4.66)c

0.73 (4.40)c

−1.60 (3.21)

2.35 (2.03)c

0.87 (1.42)

 Model 3

5.74 (5.12)c

4.18 (4.85)c

1.24 (3.53)

2.91 (2.25)c

1.54 (1.57)

Grocery store

     

 Model 1

0.26 (3.25)

−1.48 (2.99)

−3.40 (2.15)

1.92 (1.35)

1.74 (0.91)

 Model 2

−0.95 (3.26)

−2.28 (3.08)

−2.65 (2.24)

0.37 (1.42)

1.18 (0.98)c

 Model 3

1.22 (3.54)

−0.65 (3.35)

−1.14 (2.43)

0.49 (1.55)

1.73 (1.06)c

Department store

     

 Model 1

−0.72 (1.24)

0.65 (1.14)

−1.05 (0.82)

0.41 (0.52)

−0.07 (0.35)

 Model 2

1.54 (1.49)

1.73 (1.40)

1.27 (1.02)

0.47 (0.65)

−0.19 (0.45)

 Model 3

1.51 (1.48)

1.71 (1.40)

1.24 (1.02)

0.47 (0.65)

−0.19 (0.46)

Distance to meeting places in km

     

Pub

     

 Model 1

−1.60 (3.10)

−2.64 (2.85)

−3.68 (2.05)

1.04 (1.29)

1.05 (0.87)

 Model 2

−2.00 (3.11)

−2.48 (2.94)

−2.62 (2.14)

0.15 (1.36)

0.48 (0.95)

 Model 3

−0.08 (3.40)

−0.94 (3.22)

−1.16 (2.33)

0.22 (1.49)

0.86 (1.04)

Cafeteria

     

 Model 1

7.55 (5.74)

7.01 (5.28)

−0.37 (3.83)

7.38 (2.35)

0.55 (1.63)

 Model 2

0.28 (5.46)

1.15 (5.16)

−2.03 (3.76)

3.17 (2.37)

−0.87 (1.66)

 Model 3

5.22 (6.12)

5.71 (5.79)

1.59 (4.21)

4.12 (2.67)

−0.49 (1.88)

Restaurant

     

 Model 1

4.13 (7.70)

6.15 (7.08)

−3.50 (5.12)

9.64 (3.15)

−2.02 (2.17)

 Model 2

−8.71 (7.57)

−3.75 (7.18)

−6.43 (5.22)

2.68 (3.31)

−4.96 (2.29)

 Model 3

−6.08 (7.84)

−1.17 (7.43)

−4.11 (5.38)

2.94 (3.43)

−4.91 (2.38)

Distance to public transport in km

     

Distance to train station in km

     

 Model 1

−0.32 (0.82)

−0.59 (0.76)

−1.10 (0.54)¥

0.51 (0.34)

0.28 (0.23)

 Model 2

−0.64 (0.89)

−0.94 (0.84)

−1.31 (0.60)

0.37 (0.39)

0.30 (0.27)

 Model 3

−0.65 (0.88)

−0.94 (0.83)

−1.31 (0.60)

0.37 (0.39)

0.30 (0.27)

Distance to important transfer station

     

 Model 1

0.95 (0.57)†

0.97 (0.53)

0.48 (0.38)

0.49 (0.24)Â¥

−0.02 (0.16)

 Model 2

0.62 (0.59)

0.66 (0.56)

0.46 (0.41)

0.19 (0.26)Â¥

−0.04 (0.18)

 Model 3

0.59 (0.59)

0.63 (0.56)

0.44 (0.41)

0.19 (0.26)Â¥

−0.04 (0.18)

  1. a Abbreviations: B unstandardized coefficient, SE standard error, km kilometer, PA Physical activity; in bold: p < 0.01; ¥: 0.01 ≥ p < 0.05
  2. b Model 1 (based on 247 participants): adjusted for age and sex (reference category: men)
  3. Model 2 (based on 226 participants): additionally adjusted for partner status (reference category: no partner), educational level (reference category: lower educated than secondary education), urbanization grade (reference category: rural area), Body Mass Index, number of chronic diseases (reference category: no chronic diseases other than lower limb osteoarthritis (LLOA)), anxiety (reference category: not anxious), depression (reference category: not depressed), functional limitations, wear time of accelerometer, and LLOA (reference category: no LLOA)
  4. Model 3 (based on 226 participants): this model included all confounders and additionally adjusted for street connectivity
  5. c There was a significant interaction effect of this neighbourhood built environment measure with LLOA on the PA outcome measure. Therefore, the association in this model was not additionally adjusted for LLOA