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Table 4 Risk factors for severe stunting in children aged 0-23 months
| Factors | Severely stunted (%) | N | Unadjusted (bivariate) | Adjusted (multivariate) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95 % CI) | P | OR | (95 % CI) | P | ||||
| Sex | Boys | 8.1 | 689 | 1.61 | (0.97 - 2.67) | 0.07 | 1.77 | (1.07 - 2.93) | 0.03 |
| Girls | 5.3 | 677 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Age of child | 12 - 23 months | 8.8 | 716 | 3.34 | (1.64 - 6.79) | 0.002 | 3.27 | (1.65 - 6.47) | < 0.001 |
| 6-11 months | 5.9 | 341 | 2.17 | (0.91 - 5.15) | 1.92 | (0.82 - 4.48) | |||
| 0-5 months | 2.9 | 309 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Breastfeeding within one hour of birth | No | 8.4 | 438 | 1.47 | (0.94 - 2.29) | 0.09 | |||
| Yes | 5.9 | 928 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Age-appropriate feeding | No | 8.3 | 812 | 1.52 | (0.96 - 2.41) | 0.07 | |||
| Yes | 4.5 | 554 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mother’s age | ≥40 years | 9.8 | 92 | 0.87 | (0.27 - 2.88) | 0.65 | |||
| 30-39 years | 5.6 | 516 | 0.57 | (0.21 - 1.52) | |||||
| 20-29 years | 6.8 | 704 | 0.63 | (0.25 - 1.59) | |||||
| <20 years | 11.1 | 54 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mother’s education | No or incomplete primary | 19.4 | 196 | 6.81 | (3.59 - 12.91) | < 0.001 | |||
| Completed primary | 8.3 | 229 | 2.57 | (1.38 - 4.77) | |||||
| Completed junior high | 5.1 | 333 | 1.77 | (0.97 - 3.23) | |||||
| Completed senior high | 3.0 | 608 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Number of household members | > 4 | 7.7 | 816 | 1.39 | (0.82 - 2.37) | 0.22 | |||
| ≤ 4 | 5.3 | 550 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Wealth quintile | Lowest | 17.0 | 294 | 8.62 | (3.36 - 22.12) | < 0.001 | 8.48 | (3.19 - 22.57) | < 0.001 |
| Second | 6.1 | 277 | 2.80 | (1.08 - 7.28) | 2.93 | (1.12 - 7.70) | |||
| Third | 3.3 | 273 | 1.49 | (0.53 - 4.22) | 1.66 | (0.59 - 4.69) | |||
| Fourth | 3.9 | 256 | 1.77 | (0.62 - 5.08) | 1.89 | (0.65 - 5.45) | |||
| Highest | 2.3 | 266 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Sanitation | Unimproved | 10.5 | 532 | 2.20 | (1.40 - 3.47) | 0.001 | |||
| Improved | 4.3 | 834 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Safe disposal of child’s faeces | Unsafe | 8.9 | 773 | 1.92 | (1.19 - 3.12) | 0.008 | |||
| Safe | 3.9 | 593 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Use of soap for hand washing | Not use soap | 10.0 | 611 | 2.04 | (1.28 - 3.24) | 0.003 | |||
| Use soap | 4.1 | 755 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Water source | Unimproved | 6.6 | 935 | 1.04 | (0.57 - 1.93) | 0.89 | |||
| Improved | 7.0 | 431 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Water treatment | Untreated | 14.7 | 136 | 2.19 | (1.20 - 3.98) | 0.011 | |||
| Treated | 5.9 | 1230 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Number of ANC visits of mother during pregnancy | < 4 | 12.1 | 91 | 1.35 | (0.45 - 4.02) | 0.59 | |||
| ≥ 4 | 6.4 | 1275 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Doctor/midwife provided ANC to mother during pregnancy | No | 21.9 | 64 | 3.23 | (1.51 - 6.92) | 0.003 | |||
| Yes | 6.0 | 1302 | 1.00 | ||||||
| ANC in private or public health facility | No | 25.0 | 48 | 4.04 | (1.68 - 9.70) | 0.002 | 2.58 | (1.19 - 5.58) | 0.02 |
| Yes | 6.1 | 1318 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mother participates in decisions on HH food purchases | Yes | 6.8 | 1211 | 0.91 | (0.47 - 1.76) | 0.77 | |||
| No | 6.5 | 155 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mother participates in decisions on what food is cooked for HH | Yes | 7.3 | 1223 | 3.09 | (1.13 - 8.44) | 0.028 | |||
| No | 2.1 | 143 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mother participates in decisions on food given to child | Yes | 6.8 | 1300 | 1.11 | (0.40 - 3.08) | 0.85 | |||
| No | 6.1 | 66 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Mother participates in decisions on seeking health care for child | Yes | 6.9 | 1180 | 1.22 | (0.64 - 2.34) | 0.55 | |||
| No | 5.9 | 186 | 1.00 | ||||||
