Table 4 Bivariate associations between predictor variables (age 9 months to 7 years) and obesity in British children with and without intellectual disability at age 11

Child Ethnicity

 White

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Mixed

2.74 (0.96–7.85)

1.43** (1.46–1.77)

 Indian

0.98 (0.15–6.70)

1.25 (0.94–1.68)

 Pakistani/Bangladeshi

1.67 (0.98–2.84)

1.58*** (1.31–2.38)

 Black/Black British

2.51*(1.17–5.36)

1.95*** (1.60–2.38)

 Other

n/a

0.92 (0.647–1.32)

Child Birth Weight (high)

0.67 (0.9–1.16)

1.21*** (1.11–1.33)

Child Nutrition

 Early introduction of solids

1.35 (0.85–2.14)

1.38*** (1.24–1.52)

 Low fruit consumption (age 5)

0.57* (0.33–0.98)

1.26*** (1.13–1.40)

 Low fruit consumption (age 7)

1.29 (0.75–2.24)

1.24** (1.10–1.40)

 High caloriebetween-meal snacks (age 5)

0.84 (0.53–1.33)

1.20** (1.06–1.36)

 Does not eat breakfast every day (age 5)

1.13 (0.64–1.98)

1.82*** (1.51–2.20)

 Does not eat breakfast every day (age 7)

1.80 (0.98–3.31)

1.52*** (1.26–1.82)

Child Participation in Sport

 Low participation (age 5)

0.83 (0.54–1.29)

1.39*** (1.28–1.52)

 Low participation (age 7)

0.95 (0.57–1.60)

1.32*** (1.17–1.49)

TV Watching & Playing Computer Games

 High participation (age 3, TV only)

0.95 (0.60–1.51)

1.22** (1.09–1.37)

 High participation (age 5, TV or computer games)

1.02 (0.65–1.61)

1.38*** (1.24–1.54)

 High participation (age 7, TV or computer games)

1.32 (0.82–2.12)

1.30*** (1.16–1.45)

Exposure to Being Bullied

 Age 3

1.91 (0.80–4.53)

1.52* (1.07–2.15)

 Age 5

2.38 (0.95–5.96)

1.31 (0.90–1.91)

 Age 7

1.50 (0.49–4.57)

1.77*** (1.40–2.24)

Maternal Obesity

 No occasion

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 One or two occasions

1.53 (0.92–2.53)

2.74*** (2.44–3.07)

 Three to five occasions

5.48*** (3.03–9.93)

3.76*** (3.33–4.25)

Maternal Smoking

0.88 (0.60–1.29)

1.32*** (1.21–1.43)

Maternal Educational Attainment

 NVQ (L3-5)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 NVQ (L2)

1.52 (0.81–2.86)

1.55*** (1.40–1.72)

 NVQ (L1 or none)

1.16 (0.65–2.10)

1.75*** (1.57–1.94)

 Overseas qualifications only

3.95** (1.49–10.50)

1.41** (1.11–1.79)

Single Parent Family

1.26 (0.86–1.84)

1.28*** (1.18–1.40)

Household Income Poverty

1.47 (0.75–2.89)

1.41*** (1.28–1.54)

High Area Deprivation

1.23 (0.78–1.93)

1.53*** (1.30–1.81)