Table 3 Characteristics at farm sites
From: A faecal exposure assessment of farm workers in Accra, Ghana: a cross sectional study
Exposure | N (%) |
|---|---|
Poultry manure use* | |
Dry season (n = 80) | 48 (60) |
Rainy season (n = 83) | 82 (99) |
Last irrigated (N = 80) | |
≤1 day | 32 (40) |
1 to 2 days | 13 (16) |
2 to 3 days | 21 (26) |
>3 days | 14 (18) |
Defecation practices of farmers | |
Public toilet | 20 (25) |
Neighbour’s toilet | 2 (2.4) |
Open Defecation | 58 (73) |
Source of farmers drinking water | |
Sachet water | 58 (73) |
Piped water | 22 (27) |
What used to wash hands before eating (N = 76) | |
Irrigation water only | 2 (2.6) |
Piped water only | 22 (29) |
Sachet water only | 8 (11) |
Water and soap | 44 (58) |
Observed hand washing practices before eating (N = 21) | |
Washed hands before eating | 17 (81) |
Washed hands with water and soap | 1 (5.9) |
Washed hands with only water | 16 (94) |
Whether drain water increases farmers income compared to piped water | |
Yes | 48 (60) |
No | 3 (4) |
Cannot tell | 29 (36) |
Farming as main source of income | |
Yes | 63 (79) |
No | 17 (21) |
Where farmers eat often when at work (N = 77) | |
On the farm | 59 (77) |
At vending sites | 8 (10) |
At home | 10 (13) |
Reported working times in the field | |
Average daily working hours (min – max) | 7.1 (4, 13) |
Average days worked per week (min – max) | 6.7 (5, 7) |
Average days worked per month (min – max) | 28.2 (20, 30) |
Average months worked per year (min – max) | 11.8 (9, 12) |
Average days worked per year (min – max) | 336.7 (240, 360) |