Table 5 Caregiver-report outcomes at pre- and post-test for complete cases and pooled imputed datasets

Physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, /79 ^b

6.88 (1.19)

1.70 (0.45)

4.20 (<0.001)

50

11.32 (0.84)

1.68 (0.36)

11.24 (<0.001)

Sexual abuse, /2

0.06 (0.03)

0.01 (0.01)

1.68 (0.10)

107

0.06 (0.03)

0.01 (0.01)

1.92 (0.06)

Positive discipline, /8

5.23 (0.38)

2.59 (0.30)

5.80 (<0.001)

75

5.44 (0.28)

2.59 (0.24)

8.45 (<0.001)

Adolescent behavioural problems, /74

15.76 (0.93)

11.84 (0.73)

4.46 (<0.001)

99

16.16 (0.95)

12.14 (0.75)

4.37 (<0.001)

Positive and involved parenting, /64

48.55 (1.07)

53.91 (0.82)

4.49 (<0.001)

99

49.23 (0.98)

53.83 (0.81)

4.04 (<0.001)

Poor monitoring and inconsistent discipline, /64

24.18 (1.32)

16.67 (1.01)

5.21 (<0.001)

96

24.36 (1.21)

16.87 (1.06)

5.55 (<0.001)

Depression, /80

23.23 (1.56)

14.06 (1.31)

5.82 (<0.001)

86

23.43 (1.42)

14.29 (1.27)

6.24 (<0.001)

Substance use, /4

0.75 (0.10)

0.40 (0.09)

3.12 (0.002)

110

0.74 (0.10)

0.40 (0.09)

3.17 (0.002)

Parenting stress, /72

26.04 (1.00)

20.87 (0.77)

4.54 (<0.001)

100

26.43 (0.94)

21.46 (0.79)

4.54 (<0.001)

Social support, /38

29.32 (0.95)

33.55 (0.76)

3.71 (<0.001)

106

29.29 (0.92)

33.56 (0.75)

3.82 (<0.001)

Adolescents witnessing violence, /28

0.66 (0.26)

0.55 (0.28)

0.27 (0.79)

67

1.89 (0.67)

0.75 (0.34)

1.57 (0.12)