Table 1 Associations between overweight at four years of age and the candidate predictors

Child variables

Gender

0.07

0.083

 Female

1013 (13.2)

1.28 (0.98–1.67)

1.32 (0.97–1.83)

 Male

1013 (10.7)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Large for gestational age (LGA)

<0.001

0.003

 No^b

1954 (11.5)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 Yes

66 (27.3)

2.90 (1.66–5.07)

2.74 (1.42–5.28)

Parental variables^c

Mother smoking

0.05

Not included

 No

1836 (11.6)

1.00 (reference)

 Yes

99 (18.2)

1.69 (1.00–2.88)

Mother’s BMI before pregnancy

<0.001

0.01

 ≤25

1407 (10.0)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 25–30

334 (16.8)

1.81 (1.29–2.53)

1.56 (1.06–2.29)

 30+

148 (19.6)

2.19 (1.41–3.40)

1.87 (1.14–3.09)

Father’s BMI

<0.001

<0.001

 ≤25

866 (7.4)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

 25–30

701 (13.0)

1.87 (1.34–2.62)

1.84 (1.30–2.60)

 30+

130 (25.4)

4.26 (2.67–6.82)

3.49 (2.11–5.75)

Parental educational level

0.001

0.03

 None post-secondary

641 (15.0)

2.03 (1.41–2.92)

1.69 (1.13–2.53)

 One post-secondary

578 (11.4)

1.48 (1.00–2.19)

1.29 (0.84–1.98)

 Both post-secondary

600 (8.0)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)