Table 1 Urine and blood biomarkers of exposure
Chemical constituent | Clinical endpoint | Analysis method | LLOQb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Urine biomarkers of exposure | ||||
NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1–(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol) | 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1–(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 5.00 pg/mL |
3-HPMA 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid | Acrolein | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 20 ng/mL |
HMPMA (3-hydroxy-1-ethylpropylmercapturic acid) | Crotonaldehyde | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 20 ng/mL |
CEMA (2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid) | Acrylonitrile | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 0.275 ng/mL |
1-OHP (1-hydroxypyrene) | Pyrene | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 10.0 pg/mL |
NNN (N-Nitrosonornicotine) | NNN | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 0.200 pg/mL |
MHBMA (Monohydroxy-3-butenyl mercapturic acid) | 1,3-Butadiene | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 0.100 ng/mL |
S-PMA (S-phenylmercapturic acid) | Benzene | Cancer | LC-MS-MS | 0.0250 ng/mL |
Nicotine equivalentsa Nicotine Nicotine-gluc Cotinine Cotinine-gluc Trans-3′-hydroxycotinine Trans-3′-hydroxycotinine-gluc | Nicotine | Nicotine exposure | LC-MS-MS | 50.0 ng/mL 50.0 ng/mL 50.0 ng/mL 200 ng/mL 50.0 ng/mL 200 ng/mL |
Blood Biomarkers of Exposure | ||||
Blood COHb | CO | CO Exposure | Spectrophotometric | 0.50 % |
Plasma Nicotine | Nicotine | Nicotine Exposure | LC-MS-MS | 0.200 ng/mL |
Plasma Cotinine | Nicotine | Nicotine Exposure | LC-MS-MS | 1.00 ng/mL |
Plasma Trans-3′hydroxycotinine | Nicotine | Nicotine Exposure | LC-MS-MS | 1.00 ng/mL |