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Table 4 Rate of anti-TB drug resistance in current and other studies conducted between 1984 and 2015 in Ethiopia

From: Primary and secondary anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Hitossa District of Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia

Type of the study Study time Sample size Rate of anti-TB resistance
Primary resistance Secondary resistance Overall resistance (primary plus secondary resistance)
Any-resistance (%) MDR-TB (%) Any- resistance (%) MDR-TB (%) Any- resistance (%) MDR-TB (%)
Community-based Institution-based
Current study   2014 33073a 15.3 2.4 48.8 14.3 21.7 4.7
  Demissie M et al. [34] 1994 167b 15.6 0.6     
  Bruchfeld et. al [22] 1996–1997 509 14.6 0.9 11.1 0 15.7 1.7
  Abate et al. [35] 1998 30c      50 12
  Demissie et al. [40] 1998   12.9 0.6     
  Gebeyehu M et al. [23] 2001 203 18.2 0 31.6 0 19.5 0
  First National Drug resistance survey [7] 2003–2005 804   1.6   11.5   
  Desta K et al. [36] 2004–2005 297b 27.4 0     
  Abate D et al. [13] 2004–2008 376c    72.9 46.3   
  Asmamaw et al. [25] 2004–2005 173b 21.4 0.6     
  Agonafir M et al. [9] 2005–2006 114c 25 2.3 85.7 63.5 60.8 38.3
  Tessema B et al. [10] 2009 260 10.7 3.7 39.1 10.9 15.8 5.0
  Abebe G et al. [11] 2010–2011 136b 18.4 1.5     
  Esmael A et al. [37] 2010–2011 230 23.6 1.8 58.5 18.5 33.5 6.5
  Yimer et al. [26] 2012 112b 30.1 1.0     
  Seyoum et al. [8] 2011–2013 408b 23 1.1     
  Nigus et al. [12] 2012–2013 606b     15.3   
  Second National Drug resistance survey (7) 2014 1651   2.3   17.8   
  Mulisa G et al. [38] 2015 439c     33.2 %   
  1. a Of the study population, 106 TB cases were diagnosed
  2. b Only new cases
  3. c Previously treated and now presumptive for MDR-TB
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