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Table 2 Viral suppression and association with socio-demographic characteristics, type of ART-regimen, AUDIT and PHQ scores, and treatment adherence

From: Alcohol use and depression: link with adherence and viral suppression in adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in rural Lesotho, Southern Africa: a cross-sectional study

  

Viral load <80 c/mL

≥80 c/mL

Odds-ratio viral suppression (95 % CI)

p-value

Male

 

387 (90.0 %)

43 (10.0 %)

1

 

Female

 

883 (92.2 %)

75 (7.8 %)

1.33 (0.90-2.00)

0.158

Median age (IQR)

 

43.6 (34.5–53.9)

41.4 (33.2–50.2)

 

0.181a

Age <35 years

 

334 (90.3 %)

36 (9.7 %)

1

0.329

≥35 years

 

936 (91.9 %)

82 (8.1 %)

1.23 (0.81-1.86)

 

Median wealth index (IQR)

 

−0.52 (−1.66-1.25)

−0.90 (−1.76-1.13)

 

0.180a

Wealth index

Q1b

253 (90.7 %)

26 (9.3 %)

1

0.293

Q2

249 (88.9 %)

31 (11.1 %)

0.83 (0.41-1.64)

 

Q3

250 (92.6 %)

20 (7.4 %)

1.28 (0.60-2.75)

 

Q4

258 (93.8 %)

17 (6.2 %)

1.56 (0.70-3.46)

 

Q5

260 (91.5 %)

24 (8.5 %)

1.11 (0.54-2.31)

 

Type of facility

Center

768 (91.9 %)

68 (8.1 %)

1

0.547

Hospital

502 (90.9 %)

50 (9.1 %)

0.89 (0.61-1.30)

 

NRTI backbone

AZTc/3TCd

418 (87.8 %)

58 (12.2 %)

0.52 (0.34-0.80)

0.004

TDFe/3TCd

819 (93.3 %)

59 (6.7 %)

1

 

ABCf/3TCd

13 (92.9 %)

1 (7.1 %)

0.94 (0.09-9.80)

 

NNRTI

EFVg

959 (92.2 %)

81 (7.8 %)

1

0.056

NVPh

291 (88.7 %)

37 (11.3 %)

0.66 (0.44-1.00)

 

Median AUDIT Score (IQR)

 

0 (0–0)

0 (0–1.0)

 

0.384a

Hazardous consumption

Yes

79 (89.8 %)

9 (10.2 %)

0.80 (0.39-1.65)

0.559

(AUDIT ≥ 8)

No

1’191(91.6 %)

109(8.4 %)

1

 

Median PHQ-9 Score (IQR)

 

6 (1–10)

6 (1–9)

 

0.423a

Moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)

Yes

371 (92.8 %)

29 (7.3 %)

1.27 (0.82-1.96)

0.281

No

899 (91.0 %)

89 (9.0 %)

1

 

VAS (IQR)

 

96 (91–99)

96 (90–100)

 

0.424a

Low adherence VAS (≤95 %)

Yes

558 (91.5 %)

52 (8.5 %)

1.02 (0.70-1.50)

0.818

No

691 (91.6 %)

63 (8.4 %)

1

 

Pill count’s tool (IQR)

 

100 (96–100)

100 (96–100)

 

0.851a

Low pill count’s tool (≤95 %)

Yes

275 (91.4 %)

26 (8.6 %)

0.99 (0.63-1.56)

0.999

No

941 (91.4 %)

88 (8.6 %)

1

 
  1. a: Wilcoxon rank-sum test, b: lowest quintile, cAZT: zidovudine, d3TC: lamivudine, eTDF: tenofovir, fABC: abacavir, g: efavirenz, h: nevirapine