Education | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
< high school | High school or GED | Some college or vocational | ≥ College graduate | P-value | |
Men (n = 1604) | |||||
Age (years), mean ± std | 65.05 ± 10.64 | 53.34 ± 12.73 | 48.92 ± 11.93 | 52.49 ± 11.67 | <.0001 |
Health Behavior | |||||
Current smoker,% | 22.22 | 20.40 | 21.70 | 10.43 | <.0001 |
Physical activity score, mean ± std | 6.99 ± 2.46 | 8.38 ± 2.59 | 9.41 ± 2.52 | 9.18 ± 2.34 | <.0001 |
Alcohol consumption, % | 46.15 | 58.67 | 64.48 | 64.87 | <.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± std | 28.57 ± 5.70 | 29.34 ± 5.58 | 30.60 ± 6.77 | 30.11 ± 6.21 | <.0001 |
Health Status | |||||
Hypertension, % | 76.22 | 60.54 | 53.32 | 56.45 | <.0001 |
SBP (mmHg), mean ± std | 132.87 ± 20.89 | 128.47 ± 17.47 | 126.20 ± 16.96 | 126.26 ± 16.78 | <.0001 |
DBP(mmHg), mean ± std | 79.10 ± 10.76 | 81.50 ± 10.37 | 82.57 ± 11.01 | 81.69 ± 9.93 | 0.0002 |
Type 2 diabetes, % | 24.03 | 16.89 | 13.33 | 12.26 | <.0001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± std | 126.54 ± 38.75 | 126.98 ± 36.27 | 129.01 ± 35.87 | 130.56 ± 36.05 | 0.4188 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± std | 48.34 ± 13.90 | 46.04 ± 11.86 | 45.51 ± 12.43 | 45.13 ± 11.91 | 0.0068 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl), mean ± std | 109.24 ± 68.53 | 108.55 ± 62.68 | 123.60 ± 95.59 | 111.13 ± 105.56 | 0.0643 |
HOMA-IR, mean ± std | 3.15 ± 1.89 | 3.42 ± 2.27 | 3.52 ± 2.00 | 3.51 ± 2.89 | 0.2609 |
CRP (mg/dL), mean ± std | 0.59 ± 2.11 | 0.36 ± 0.62 | 0.32 ± 0.49 | 0.31 ± 0.60 | 0.0013 |
Women (n = 2736) | |||||
Age (years), mean ± std | 64.97 ± 10.11 | 57.11 ± 12.26 | 50.32 ± 11.97 | 53.20 ± 11.56 | <.0001 |
Health Behavior | |||||
Current smoker, % | 13.00 | 11.63 | 12.95 | 7.69 | 0.0014 |
Physical activity score, mean ± std | 6.69 ± 2.42 | 7.83 ± 2.60 | 8.71 ± 2.48 | 8.89 ± 2.33 | <.0001 |
Alcohol consumption, % | 20.13 | 33.90 | 44.35 | 48.86 | <.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± std | 33.42 ± 7.75 | 33.06 ± 7.44 | 33.66 ± 8.21 | 31.93 ± 7.04 | <.0001 |
Health Status | |||||
Hypertension, % | 82.52 | 69.81 | 57.76 | 56.55 | <.0001 |
SBP (mmHg), mean ± std | 132.34 ± 19.42 | 128.55 ± 20.03 | 124.12 ± 17.44 | 123.80 ± 16.92 | <.0001 |
DBP(mmHg), mean ± std | 75.21 ± 10.05 | 77.89 ± 10.27 | 78.00 ± 10.15 | 77.24 ± 9.92 | <.0001 |
Type 2 diabetes, % | 31.01 | 18.49 | 16.89 | 15.75 | <.0001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± std | 128.75 ± 37.36 | 127.76 ± 36.95 | 125.11 ± 37.74 | 123.06 ± 33.63 | 0.0259 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± std | 56.38 ± 16.02 | 55.70 ± 14.86 | 53.59 ± 13.28 | 55.74 ± 14.81 | 0.0084 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl), mean ± std | 105.28 ± 54.41 | 98.73 ± 48.31 | 103.63 ± 67.07 | 96.02 ± 62.63 | 0.0196 |
HOMA-IR, mean ± std | 4.08 ± 2.56 | 3.89 ± 2.50 | 3.84 ± 2.30 | 3.57 ± 2.48 | 0.0104 |
CRP (mg/dL), mean ± std | 0.67 ± 1.04 | 0.58 ± 0.79 | 0.64 ± 0.85 | 0.53 ± 0.74 | 0.0104 |