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Table 3 Correlation coefficients between provincial levels of demographic, behavioural and pathophysiological factors, by sex

From: National survey of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Vietnam: prevalence estimates and an assessment of their validity

Women

Urban popa

Minority ethnicityb

Years at school c

H’hold incomed

Current smokerse

Alcohol intake f

Fruit/veg servesg

Physical activityh

BMIi

Raised BPj

Elevated glucosek

Cholesteroll

Men

Urban populationa (%)

 

−0.5m

0.27

0.73

−0.34

0.23

−0.04

−0.92

0.86

−0.20

0.41

0.75

Minority ethnicityb (%)

−0.52

 

−0.06

−0.58

0.79m

0.50m

0.35

0.55

−0.62

0.28

0.24

−0.49

Years at schoolc

0.56m

−0.44

 

0.76

−0.31

0.25

0.72

−0.16

0.21

−0.55

−0.33

−0.16

Household incomed

0.65

−0.59m

0.98

 

−0.56m

0.03

0.30

−0.66

0.62

−0.53m

−0.14

0.39

Current smokere (%)

0.05

−0.32

−0.32

−0.18

 

0.45

0.29

0.23

−0.50m

0.09

0.18

−0.29

Alcohol intakef

0.07

−0.29

−0.55m

−0.41

0.36

 

0.49

0.00

−0.10

−0.24

0.15

−0.22

Fruit/vegetable servesg

−0.16

0.06

0.46

0.34

−0.13

−0.87m

 

0.03

−0.06

−0.68

−0.40

−0.45

Physical activityh (%)

−0.88

0.57

−0.56

−0.64

−0.16n

−0.14

0.12

 

−0.89

0.25n

−0.38

−0.82

BMIi

0.78

−0.25

0.82

0.82

−0.39

−0.32

0.07

−0.74

 

−0.18n

0.38

0.77

Raised BPj (%)

−0.57m

0.35

−0.39

−0.42

−0.43

0.13

−0.33

0.77n

−0.39n

 

0.61

0.10

Elevated glucosek (%)

0.50m

0.12

0.22

0.19

−0.63m

−0.05

−0.19

−0.39

0.65

−0.02

 

0.65

Cholesteroll

0.82

−0.33

0.33

0.43

−0.03

0.22

−0.39

−0.82

0.76

−0.41n

0.71

 
  1. aProportion of urban population; bProportion of non–Vietnamese minority ethnic group; cMean years of schooling;dMean household income per adult person per month (USD), eProportion of current smokers; fProportion with binge drinking (≥4 standard drinks for females, and ≥5 standard drinks for males, on any day last week); gMean daily servings of fruit and vegetables; hProportion with high levels of physical activity (≥3000 MET–minutes per week); iMean body mass index (kg/m2); jProportion with raised blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg); kProportion with fasting blood glucose values >6.1 mmol/L or taking medications for diabetes; lMean fasting total cholesterol values (mmol/L); mWeaker individual–level correlation [absolute(rprovince) ≥0.5 but absolute(rindividual) <0.05]; n Individual–level correlation of opposite sign (rprovince >0.10 and rindividual > −0.10 or rprovince > −0.10 and rindividual >0.10)