The association between built environment features and physical activity in the Australian context: a synthesis of the literature

Table 3 Summary of associations between built environment attributes and physical activity

Built environment attributes	Objective built environment		Self-reported built environment
Built environment attributes	All studies	Good and fair quality^b	All studies	Good and fair quality
Density	3/9 (33 %) [4]^a	1/5 (20 %) [2]
Diversity	4/6 (67 %) [3]	2/4 (50 %) [1]
Design	8/29 (28 %) [6]	6/24 (25 %) [4]	16/32 (50 %) [3]	11/27 (40 %) [3]
Destinations	7/10 (70 %) [4]	3/6 (50 %) [2]	10/14 (71 %) [3]	10/14 (71 %) [3]
Distance to transit	4/5 (80 %) [3]	3/4 (75 %) [2]	1/2 (50 %) [1]	1/2 (50 %) [1]
Safety	2/6 (33 %) [2]	0/0 (N/A)	3/9 (33 %) [3]	2/9 (22 %) [3]
Aggregated neighbourhood measures	14/19 (74 %) [3]	8/15 53 % [2]	1/1 (100 %) [1]	1/1 (100 %) [1]

Note: Results represent the proportion (%) of tested associations with results in the expected direction
^aNumber of independent studies
^bOnly two cross-sectional design studies rated as good quality, ten qualified as fair quality and seven as poor. All studies with longitudinal and quasi-experiment designs rated as good quality (Additional file 1: Appendix F Tables 1 and 2)

ISSN: 1471-2458