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Table 2 Means and standard deviations, and differences between groups on study variables

From: Evaluating the effectiveness of the SMART contract-signing strategy in reducing the growth of Swedish Adolescents’ substance use and problem behaviors

 

Long-term participants

Short-term participants

SPON-participants

 
 

(n = 112)

(n = 200)

(n = 102)

 
 

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

F-test

p

Baseline demographic and SES variables

       

 Sex

1.59x

.49

1.51x

.50

1.33z

.47

7.14 (2,357)

.001

 One non-Nordic parent

.82

.38

.88

.33

.77

.42

2.37 (2,352)

.095

 Monthly allowance

.19

.23

.24

.26

.18

.24

1.69 (2,353)

.186

 Books at home

.70x

.24

.62y

.23

.52z

.26

13.10 (2,354)

.001

 Type of residence

1.06

.24

1.07

.26

1.08

.28

.194 (2,357)

.824

Smoking

        

 T1

.12

.78

.19

.60

.19

.53

.35 (2,354)

.704

 T2

.16

.79

.36

.94

.47

.99

2.94 (2,380)

.054

 T3

.28x

.71

.84x

1.47

1.12z

1.71

10.64 (2,411)

.001

Snus use

        

 T1

.07

.60

.06

.42

.08

.31

.04 (2,357)

.961

 T2

.07

.62

.13

.58

.26

.79

2,00 (2,379)

.137

 T3

.16x

.55

.59x

1.41

.73z

1.33

6.75 (2,408)

.001

Alcohol use

        

 T1

1.47

.69

1.64

.77

1.73

.86

2.96 (2,353)

.053

 T2

1.57x

.77

1.98x

1.01

1.91z

1.00

6.56 (2,379)

.002

 T3

2.04x

1.06

2.57x

1.21

2.59z

1.13

8.65 (2,410)

.001

Drunkenness

        

 T1

1.34x

.78

1.48xz

.61

1.60z

.82

3.06 (2,353)

.048

 T2

1.44

.88

1.60

.90

1.67

1.06

1.64 (2,381)

.195

 T3

1.72x

1.03

2.43x

1.60

2.41z

1.53

9.52 (2,408)

.001

Delinquency

        

 T1

2.14

.86

2.25

.83

2.40

1.11

1.87 (2,352)

.156

 T2

2.24

1.00

2.37

1.11

2.47

.86

1.22 (2,380)

.295

 T3

2.23x

.72

2.52xz

1.33

2.76z

1.62

4.59 (2,410)

.011

Bullying

        

 T1

1.1

.58

1.08

.32

.108

.31

.14 (2,356)

.868

 T2

1.05

.23

1.14

.49

1.16

.45

1.80 (2,379)

.167

 T3

1.06

.41

1.11

.46

1.16

.48

1.17 (2,409)

.313

  1. Groups with different superscript letters did differ (p < 0.05) on measured outcomes (ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD), and groups with similar superscripts did not significantly differ