Table 6 Injury Severity by Seatbelt Compliance
Injury Severity Score (ISS) | Compliant [Number (%)/Mean (SD)] | Non-Compliant [Number (%)/Mean (SD)] | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Study Population | ISS <9 | 1205 (88.54) | 156 (11.46) | <0.0001 |
ISS 9–15 | 152 (80) | 38 (20) | ||
ISS > 15 | 2402 (79.4) | 623 (20.6) | ||
Demographics | ||||
Age | ||||
ISS <9 | 40.2 (SD 13.3) | 36.1 (SD 14.3) | 0.0003 | |
ISS 9–15 | 45.9 (SD 15.8) | 51.9 (SD 17.3) | 0.04 | |
ISS > 15 | 41.4 (SD 13.8) | 38.0 (SD 14.6) | <0.0001 | |
Male | <0.0001 | |||
ISS < 9 | 773 (92.35) | 64 (7.65) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 115 (85.82) | 19 (14.18) | ||
ISS > 15 | 1675 (83.83) | 323 (16.17) | ||
Country of Residence | ||||
Singapore | <0.0001 | |||
ISS < 9 | 992 (89.53) | 116 (10.47) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 130 (83.87) | 25 (16.13) | ||
ISS > 15 | 2157 (80.94) | 508 (19.06) | ||
Malaysia | 0.15 | |||
ISS < 9 | 86 (90.53) | 9 (9.47) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | ||
ISS > 15 | 17 (77.27) | 5 (22.73) | ||
India | 0.52 | |||
ISS < 9 | 38 (88.37) | 5 (11.63) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 2 (66.67) | 1 (33.33) | ||
ISS > 15 | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | ||
China | 0.60 | |||
ISS < 9 | 28 (73.68) | 10 (26.32) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | ||
ISS > 15 | 2 (66.67) | 1 (33.33) | ||
Other Nationalities | 0.05 | |||
ISS < 9 | 61 (79.22) | 16 (20.78) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 13 (56.52) | 10 (43.48) | ||
ISS > 15 | 222 (67.27) | 108 (32.73) | ||
Vehicle Type | ||||
Bus (capacity of 20 or more passengers) | 0.20 | |||
ISS < 9 | 4 (57.14) | 3 (42.86) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | ||
ISS > 15 | 4 (30.77) | 9 (69.23) | ||
Heavy Transport Vehicle | 0.16 | |||
ISS < 9 | 139 (92.67) | 11 (7.33) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 18 (85.71) | 3 (14.29) | ||
ISS > 15 | 95 (85.59) | 16 (14.41) | ||
Minibus (less than 20 passengers) | 0.06 | |||
ISS < 9 | 4 (100) | 0 (0) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | ||
ISS > 15 | 15 (83.33) | 3 (16.67) | ||
Private Car | <0.0001 | |||
ISS < 9 | 755 (91.18) | 73 (8.82) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 93 (84.55) | 17 (15.45) | ||
ISS > 15 | 1465 (82.86) | 303 (17.14) | ||
Taxi | 0.36 | |||
ISS < 9 | 205 (77.07) | 61 (22.93) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 25 (69.44) | 11 (30.56) | ||
ISS > 15 | 429 (72.96) | 159 (27.04) | ||
Van or Pickup | 0.005 | |||
ISS < 9 | 73 (96.05) | 3 (3.95) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 16 (94.12) | 1 (5.88) | ||
ISS > 15 | 126 (81.29) | 29 (18.71) | ||
Seat Position | ||||
Driver | <0.0001 | |||
ISS < 9 | 820 (97.16) | 24 (2.84) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 98 (89.91) | 11 (10.09) | ||
ISS > 15 | 1690 (88.95) | 210 (11.05) | ||
Front Passenger | 0.041 | |||
ISS < 9 | 261 (91.26) | 25 (8.74) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 41 (89.13) | 5 (10.87) | ||
ISS > 15 | 429 (85.12) | 75 (14.88) | ||
Rear Passenger | 0.005 | |||
ISS < 9 | 124 (53.68) | 107 (46.32) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 13 (38.24) | 21 (61.76) | ||
ISS > 15 | 220 (41.28) | 313 (58.72) | ||
Time of Arrival | ||||
0700–0959 h | <0.0001 | |||
ISS < 9 | 126 (92.65) | 10 (7.35) | ||
ISS 9–15 | 15 (75) | 5 (25) | ||
ISS > 15 | 173 (69.2) | 77 (30.8) | ||
All other times | <0.0001 | |||
(1000–1659 h | ISS < 9 | 1079 (88.08) | 146 (11.92) | |
1700–1959 h | ISS 9–15 | 137 (80.59) | 33 (19.41) | |
2000–0659 h) | ISS > 15 | 2229 (80.32) | 546 (19.68) |