Table 2 Estimated impact of parents’ childhood abuse on their psychological distress^a,b

 Abused in childhood

2.96***

(1.87–4.71)

3.01***

(1.89–4.80)

 Spouse abused in childhood

1.40

(0.86–2.27)

1.36

(0.84–2.22)

 Lower educational attainment

1.24

(0.90–1.70)

 Household income poverty

1.44*

(1.01–2.07)

 Abused in childhood

2.26***

(1.43–3.58)

2.19***

(1.38–3.48)

 Spouse abused in childhood

0.91

(0.54–1.53)

0.91

(0.54–1.53)

 Lower educational attainment

1.19

(0.82–1.50)

 Household income poverty

1.36

(0.97–2.06)