Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) of characteristics independently associated with current use of modern contraceptive among HIV-positive respondents receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 18 public sector clinic in Lusaka, Zambia (n = 4691)

Age (years)

 15–24

ref

ref

ref

ref

 25–34

1.85 (1.51–2.27)^*

1.48 (1.16, 1.90)^*

9.42 (3.84–23.14)^*

1.67 (0.40–6.96)

 35–49

1.49 (1.18–1.86)^*

1.57 (1.21–2.03)^*

16.51 (6.99–38.98)^*

2.70 (0.68–10.73)

  > 49

13.77 (5.63–33.67)^*

2.22 (0.60–8.29)

Desire a child in the next year

 Yes

ref

ref

ref

ref

 No/Don’t know

1.14 (0.87–1.49)

2.68 (2.10–3.43)^*

1.62 (1.23–2.13)^*

2.77 (1.76–4.37)^*

HIV status disclosed to partner

 No/don’t know/no partner

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Yes

11.81 (8.54–16.34)^*

4.91 (3.32–7.24)^*

10.60 (7.39–15.20)^*

3.58 (2.39–5.38)^*

Partner’s HIV status

 Negative/Don’t know/No partner

ref

ref

ref

 Positive

4.14 (3.33–5.15)^*

1.24 (0.99–1.55)

2.71 (1.99–3.69)^*

Sexually active in previous 6 months

 No

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Yes

9.57 (7.58–12.06)^*

5.80 (4.51–7.47)^*

7.35 (5.27–10.26)^*

6.24 (3.51–11.08)^*