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Table 4 The association between eating-related parental rules and unhealthy eating habits among adolescents adjusted for gender and perceived family wealth; odds ratios (OR), and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) between parentheses

From: Lack of parental rule-setting on eating is associated with a wide range of adolescent unhealthy eating behaviour both for boys and girls

 

Skip breakfast weekend OR (95 % CI)

Skip breakfast weekday OR (95 % CI)

Low fruit consumption OR (95 % CI)

Low vegetables consumption OR (95 % CI)

High sweets consumption OR (95 % CI)

High soft drinks consumption OR (95 % CI)

High energy drinks consumption OR (95 % CI)

No eating-related parental rules

2.66 (2.12–3.34)*

5.33 (4.15–6.84)*

1.63 (1.30–2.04)*

1.32 (1.04–1.68)*

1.59 (1.30–1.94)*

1.93 (1.56–2.38)*

2.15 (1.72–2.70)*

Breakfast not mandatory

2.30 (1.85–2.86)*

13.21 (10.90–16.02)*

1.37 (1.15–1.63)*

1.34 (1.12–1.62)*

1.20 (1.02–1.41)*

1.42 (1.18–1.70)*

1.66 (1.36–2.02)*

Meal in front of TV allowed

1.64 (1.33–2.03)*

1.18 (1.01–1.38)*

ns

ns

1.30 (1.10–1.53)*

1.56 (1.29–1.87)*

1.74 (1.43–2.12)*

No rules about sweets and soft drinks

1.58 (1.28–1.95)*

1.27 (1.08–1.49)*

1.40 (1.18–1.66)*

ns

1.54 (1.30–1.82)*

2.67 (2.20–3.23)*

2.21 (1.80–2.71)*

  1. *p < 0.05, ns = not statistically significant at level p < 0.05