Lack of parental rule-setting on eating is associated with a wide range of adolescent unhealthy eating behaviour both for boys and girls

BMC Public Health

Table 3 The association of gender, family affluence, family completeness, urban context and parents’ educational level with eating-related parental rules and unhealthy eating habits among adolescents; odds ratios (OR), and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) between parentheses

	No eating-related parental rules OR (95 % CI)	Skip breakfast weekend OR (95 % CI)	Skip breakfast weekday OR (95 % CI)	Low fruit consumption OR (95 % CI)	Low vegetables consumption OR (95 % CI)	High sweets consumption OR (95 % CI)	High soft drinks consumption OR (95 % CI)	High energy drinks consumption OR (95 % CI)
Gender - boy	0.62 (0.51–0.76)***	ns	0.72 (0.62–0.84)***	1.60 (1,35–1.88)***	1.71 (1.43–2.05)***	ns	1.24 (1.04–1.47)*	2.20 (1.82–2.65)***
Family affluence – low	1.69 (1.14–2.51)**	1.80 (1.21–2.67)**	1.66 (1.14–2.40)**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Incomplete family	1.43 (1.03–1.98)*	ns	1.39 (1.05–1.84)*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Rural area	0.75 (0.61–0.92)**	ns	ns	1.30 (1.09–1.54)**	ns	1.18 (1.01–1.39)*	1.34 (1.12–1.60)**	1.22 (1.01–1.46)*
Mother education – low	1.30 (1.04–1.61)*	1.64 (1.31–2.05)***	1.25 (1.05–1.49)*	1.42 (1.17–1.73)***	ns	1.37 (1.14–1.64)**	1.67 (1.37–2.03)***	1.80 (1.46–2.21)***
Father education – low	1.33 (1.07–1.64)**	1.50 (1.27–1.78)***	1.50 (1.27–1.78)***	1.37 (1.14–1.65)**	ns	1.34 (1.12–1.60)**	1.82 (1.50–2.21)***	1.81 (1.48–2.23)***

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns = not statistically significant at level p < 0.05