Table 3 Scores for direct risk and indirect risk for each socio-demographic variable (N = 2,080)
Variables | Direct risk | Indirect risk | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Mean (SD) | p value | Mean (SD) | p value |
Gender | Â | * | Â | * |
 Male | 52.25 (8.67) |  | 46.74 (8.43) |  |
 Female | 54.11 (9.54) |  | 45.03 (8.11) |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 18–30 | 53.01 (7.88) |  | 44.76 (7.32) |  |
 31–40 | 52.78 (9.34) |  | 45.23 (7.93) |  |
 41–50 | 53.34 (8.75) |  | 44.85 (6.22) |  |
 51–68 | 52.84 (9.99) |  | 45.13 (8.21) |  |
Income | Â | Â | Â | ** |
 <1,000 | 53.89 (9.37) |  | 46.28 (6.39) |  |
 1,000–2,000 | 53.63 (9.82) |  | 45.91 (7.99) |  |
 2,000–3,000 | 54.18 (9.62) |  | 45.92 (7.36) |  |
 >3,000 | 53.98 (9.37) |  | 44.25 (6.81) |  |
Ethnic | Â | Â | Â | ** |
 Han | 53.10 (9.42) |  | 43.95 (6.44) |  |
 Tibetan | 53.83 (8.88) |  | 45.82 (7.26) |  |
 Qiang | 54.12 (9.21) |  | 45.12 (7.29) |  |
 Hui | 53.73 (9.56) |  | 45.62 (6.92) |  |
 Other | 53.52 (8.59) |  | 46.03 (8.31) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | ** |
 Graduate | 53.64 (8.22) |  | 43.63 (6.30) |  |
 Bachelor | 54.16 (9.04) |  | 43.89 (6.98) |  |
 No degree | 54.42 (8.98) |  | 45.57 (8.28) |  |
Housing | Â | * | Â | Â |
 Original house | 53.89 (8.34) |  | 45.23 (7.24) |  |
 Public dormitory | 52.43 (7.84) |  | 45.81 (6.32) |  |
Exposure | Â | *** | Â | *** |
 High | 55.31 (9.97) |  | 46.75 (8.10) |  |
 Moderate | 54.86 (9.74) |  | 45.66 (8.41) |  |
 Low | 53.15 (9.43) |  | 44.45 (8.22) |  |