Table 4 Associations between different factors and cycling injury severity indicators (separate model for each outcome and each possible explanatory factor), presented as unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI)

Demographics

Age group

 17–24 years

1.56 (0.61, 3.99)

0.27 (0.09, 0.79)

0.57 (0.20, 1.56)

0.57 (0.12, 2.67)

 25–44 years

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

 45–59 years

1.96 (1.09, 3.51)

0.67 (0.38, 1.18)

0.85 (0.43, 1.68)

2.15 (1.06, 4.35)

 60+ years

2.26 (0.82, 6.17)

0.93 (0.34, 2.52)

2.13 (0.46, 9.92)

2.20 (0.69, 6.95)

Gender

 Male

1.04 (0.56, 1.92)

0.71 (0.39, 1.29)

1.86 (0.95, 3.64)

0.93 (0.44, 1.93)

 Female

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Educational level

 University/tertiary

0.93 (0.54, 1.61)

1.53 (0.89, 2.64)

1.95 (1.05, 3.64)

2.29 (1.07, 4.88)

 Other

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Work status

 Paid work, including self-employment

0.99 (0.46, 2.17)

1.89 (0.85, 4.21)

1.25 (0.52, 2.99)

8.57 (1.13, 64.5)

 Other

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Marital status

 Divorced, widowed/separated

2.75 (0.62, 12.2)

1.81 (0.41, 7.99)

1.08 (0.20, 5.71)

1.71 (0.31, 9.24)

 Married/defacto

1.01 (0.58, 1.72)

0.80 (0.47, 1.35)

1.55 (0.83, 2.89)

1.44 (0.73, 2.84)

 Never married

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Pre-injury health and QOL

EQ5D VAS

1.02 (0.98, 1.05)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

0.99 (0.96, 1.03)

0.99 (0.96, 1.02)

EQ5D summary score

0.32 (0.02, 4.58)

2.08 (0.14, 30.1)

1.51 (0.07, 33.6)

0.93 (0.03, 24.9)

EQ5D – any issues reported on subscales

1.21 (0.66, 2.21)

0.76 (0.42, 1.40)

0.84 (0.42, 1.70)

1.11 (0.53, 2.32)

Self-reported health status

 Excellent

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

 Very good

0.69 (0.39, 1.22)

1.12 (0.64, 1.94)

1.01 (0.51, 1.99)

1.24 (0.62, 2.51)

 Good

0.72 (0.31, 1.64)

0.67 (0.29, 1.52)

0.57 (0.23, 1.36)

1.36 (0.51, 3.58)

 Fair

0.43 (0.04, 4.32)

3.65 (0.36, 36.1)

-

1.55 (0.15, 15.7)

 Poor

-

-

-

-

Current smoker

 Yes

0.41 (0.14, 1.14)

0.92 (0.38, 2.18)

1.03 (0.36, 2.93)

0.84 (0.27, 2.60)

 No

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Alcohol intake – Audit c score

 Zero

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

 1–3

0.87 (0.30, 2.49)

0.96 (0.33, 2.76)

1.03 (0.30, 3.54)

0.71 (0.20, 2.51)

 4–7

0.63 (0.22, 1.73)

0.87 (0.31, 2.41)

1.13 (0.34, 3.74)

0.85 (0.25, 2.81)

 8–12

0.47 (0.11, 1.93)

1.27 (0.33, 4.87)

1.00 (0.20, 4.88)

0.70 (0.13, 3.72)

Medical conditions on self-report

 Yes

1.03 (0.61, 1.74)

1.20 (0.71, 2.01)

0.84 (0.45, 1.56)

0.83 (0.42, 1.59)

 No

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Obesity on self-report

 Yes

1.20 (0.26, 5.47)

0.19 (0.02, 1.63)

0.20 (0.04, 0.93)

0.67 (0.07, 5.71)

 No

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Overweight (BMI > =25)

 Yes

0.79 (0.46, 1.36)

0.75 (0.43, 1.27)

0.91 (0.48, 1.73)

1.49 (0.77, 2.87)

 No

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Crash-related characteristics

Perceived danger of death

 Great or overwhelming

2.07 (0.86, 4.98)

1.28 (0.53, 3.05)

2.34 (0.66, 8.25)

2.54 (0.95, 6.78)

 Moderate

1.37 (0.63, 2.99)

1.93 (0.88, 4.18)

2.37 (0.78, 7.14)

3.19 (1.37, 7.44)

 Small or none

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Perceived danger of disability

 Great or overwhelming

2.82 (1.05, 7.54)

2.00 (0.75, 5.31)

5.68 (0.73, 44.4)

4.05 (1.44, 11.4)

 Moderate

1.13 (0.49, 2.57)

1.76 (0.80, 3.89)

2.13 (0.69, 6.58)

1.34 (0.48, 3.70)

 Small or none

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

Accident circumstances ^a

 Cyclist alone

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

1.0 (ref)

 Collision involving a motor vehicle

0.81 (0.41, 1.59)

0.58 (0.30, 1.13)

1.56 (0.69, 3.49)

1.32 (0.59, 2.97)

 Collision with a cyclist, person or animal

1.02 (0.27, 3.84)

4.07 (0.82, 20.1)

3.11 (0.37, 25.7)

3.16 (0.81, 12.3)

 Games or stunts, cycling events, and mountain biking

0.88 (0.34, 2.27)

0.58 (0.22, 1.50)

0.92 (0.32, 2.59)

0.75 (0.20, 2.78)