Table 1 Demographic characteristic of the study population

Male, %

38.65 (36.67–40.63)

38.81 (35.67–41.95)

38.7 (37.02–40.37)

0.93

Mean age, yrs

45.00 ± 13.66

44.43 ± 13.47

44.84 ± 13.60

0.28

Age groups, %

 20–29

16.98 (15.45–18.51)

18.38 (15.88–20.88)

17.38 (16.08–18.68)

 30–39

17.28 (15.74–18.82)

18.16 (15.68–20.64)

17.53 (16.22–18.84)

 40–49

29.02 (27.18–30.86)

27.68 (24.80–30.56)

28.64 (27.09–30.19)

 50–59

20.98 (19.33–22.63)

21.62 (18.97–24.27)

21.16 (19.76–22.56)

 60–80

15.74 (14.26–17.22)

14.16 (11.91–16.41)

15.29 (14.05–16.53)

0.62

Education level, %

 Low

13.46 (12.07–14.85)

11.24 (9.20–13.28)

12.83 (11.68–13.98)

 Medium

54.08 (52.05–56.11)

37.3 (34.18–40.42)

49.31 (47.59–51.03)

 High

32.46 (30.56–34.36)

51.46 (48.24–54.68)

37.87 (36.20–39.54)

<0.001

 Never

69.69 (67.82–71.56)

69.51 (66.54–72.48)

69.64 (68.06–71.22)

 Current

22.91 (21.20–24.62)

21.84 (19.18–24.50)

22.61 (21.17–24.05)

 Former

7.39 (6.33–8.45)

8.65 (6.84–10.46)

7.75 (6.83–8.67)

0.43

Alcohol drinking, %

 Never

59.24 (57.24–61.24)

49.73 (46.51–52.95)

56.54 (54.84–58.24)

 Current

34.74 (32.80–36.68)

42.81 (39.62–46.00)

37.03 (35.37–38.69)

 Former

6.02 (5.05–6.99)

7.46 (5.77–9.15)

6.43 (5.59–7.27)

<0.001

BMI, %

 Lean or healthy

58.00 (55.99–60.01)

49.95 (46.73–53.17)

55.71 (54.00–57.42)

 Overweight

33.71 (31.79–35.63)

40.43 (37.27–43.59)

35.62 (33.97–37.27)

 Obesity

8.30 (7.18–9.42)

9.62 (7.72–11.52)

8.67 (7.70–9.64)

<0.001

Physical activity, %

 Light

80.91 (79.31–82.51)

82.38 (79.92–84.84)

81.33 (79.99–82.67)

 Medium

12.77 (11.41–14.13)

8.86 (7.03–10.69)

11.66 (10.56–12.76)

 Heavy

6.32 (5.33–7.31)

8.76 (6.94–10.58)

7.01 (6.13–7.89)

<0.001

Exercise, %

57.52 (55.51–59.53)

62.92 (59.81–66.03)

59.06 (57.37–60.75)

0.005