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Table 2 Agreement between observed and child reports on food items that children brought to school with the intention to consume during break-time at school

From: Do children report differently from their parents and from observed data? Cross-sectional data on fruit, water, sugar-sweetened beverages and break-time foods

Primary outcomes - categories

N

Number of times observed (%)5

Number of times reported by child (%)5

Overall agreement

Kappa1,2

P-value3

ICC1,4

‘Nothing’ (brought nothing with them)

407

16 (3.9 %)

7 (1.7 %)

95.8 %

.24 ***

0.049

.39 ***

Sandwiches

407

206 (50.6 %)

297 (73.0 %)

54.6 %

.09

<0.001

.16 *

Fruit & vegetables

407

76 (18.7 %)

39 (9.6 %)

78.1 %

.11 *

<0.001

.21 **

Snacks

407

135 (33.2 %)

341 (83.8 %)

38.1 %

.01

<0.001

.02

  1. 1Significance (2-tailed): *0.05 level, **0.01 level, ***≤0.001 level
  2. 2Cohen’s Kappa - corrected for agreement based on chance
  3. 3McNemar test
  4. 4Average Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) resembles measure of absolute agreement
  5. 5In case multiple food items were brought for break-time, the sum of the category percentages may exceed 100 %