Table 8 Results of included quantitative studies: child’s nutrient intakes (and other dietary outcomes)

Christian (2014) (1) [9]

n = 1256^†

CADET (115 items)

Energy (kcal/day)

Protein (g/day)

Carbohydrates (g/day)

Fibre (g/day)

Total fat (g/day)

Total sugars (g/day)

Iron (μg/day)

Sodium (mg/day)

Folate (μg/day)

Carotene (mg/day)

Vitamin C (mg/day)

2034 (39.4)^a

75 (1.8)^a

265 (4.4)^a

13 (0.3)^a

82 (2.3)^a

132 (2.9)^a

11 (0.2)^a

2632 (76.3)^a

227 (5.3)^a

1956 (98.8)^a

108 (3.7)^a

1520 (178.2)^a

58 (7.1)^a

186 (21.5)^a

10 (1.3)^a

65 (8.2)^a

90 (10.5)^a

8 (1.0)^a

2272 (286)^a

169 (19.7)^a

1995 (864)^a

113 (31.7)^a

1993 (34.1)^a

73 (1.5)^a

267 (4.3)^a

13 (0.3)^a

78 (1.7)^a

134 (2.6)^a

11 (0.2)^a

2572 (57.6)^a

224 (4.5)^a

2352 (101.7)^a

105 (3.5)^a

1567 (168.4)^a

64 (6.7)^a

193 (20.6)^a

11 (1.3)^a

64 (7.7)^a

99 (10.0)^a

8 (0.9)^a

2257 (267.7)^a

180 (18.6)^a

2164 (878)^a

125 (31)^a

NA

NA

MD = −46-; p = 0.6

MD = −6; p = 0.2

MD = −7; p = 0.5

MD = −1; p = 0.1

MD = 1; p = 0.8

MD = −8; p = 0.1

MD = −0.4; p = 0.5

MD = 16; p = 0.9

MD = −11; p = 0.3

MD = 168; p = 0.5

MD = 13; p = 0.02

Christian (2014) (2) [10] Trial 1; n = 1138^†

Christian (2014) (2) [10] Trial 2; n = 1391

CADET (115 items)

Total energy (kcal/day)

Fat (g/day)

Sodium (mg/day)

Total sugars (g/day)

Carotene (μg/day)

Vitamin C (mg/day)

Iron (μg/day)

Fibre (g/day)

Carbohydrates (g/day)

Folate (μg/day)

Protein (g/day)

2039 (32.7)

82 (18.0)

2742 (58.4)

133 (2.3)

2024 (74.9)

118 (3.2)

11 (0.2)

13 (0.3)

267 (4.0)

235 (4.5)

75 (1.4)

1845 (172)

76 (7.9)

2621 (259)

108 (11.4)

1841 (299)

75 (30.2)

10 (0.9)

12 (1.2)

227 (21.7)

192 (18.9)

70 (6.5)

NA

NA

1932 (32.8)

78 (2.0)

2575 (64.2)

127 (2.4)

2089 (83.9)

118 (3.2)

11 (0.2)

12 (0.2)

254 (3.6)

220 (4.3)

69 (1.4)

1836 (170)

77 (7.9)

2656 (257)

107 (11.3)

2168 (329)

73 (30)

10 (0.9)

11 (1.2)

225 (21.6)

188 (18.8)

68 (6.4)

MD = 9; p = 0.9

MD = −1; p = 0.8

MD = −34; p = 0.8

MD = 1; p = 0.8

MD = −327; p = 0.2

MD = 2; p = 0.7

MD = 0.1; p = 0.8

MD = 0.3; p = 0.6

MD = 2; p = 0.8

MD = 4; p = 0.6

MD = 2; p = 0.6

Cotter (2013) [22]

 n = 155

24 h urine samples; flame photometry

Estimated salt intake

(g/day)

7.5 (2.4)

6.4 (2.2)

8.1 (3.0)

7.5 (3.0)

7.7 (2.0)

7.4 (3.0)

NR

Davis (2011) [28]

n = 104

Block Food Screener (41 items)

Energy (kcal/day)

Protein (g/day)

Fat (g/day)

Carbohydrates (g/day)

Added sugar (tsp/day)

Dietary fibre (g/day)

Meat (servings/day)

Dairy (servings/day)

Whole grains (oz/day)

2011.0 (1410.4)

85.4 (67.7)

79.8 (67.6)

244.2 (145.7)

11.8 (10.2)

16.1 (11.5)

2.1 (2.4)

2.1 (1.3)

0.8 (0.9)

1639.5 (1046.5)

65.1 (43.0)

62.6 (49.6)

211.3 (122.3)

9.9 (9.4)

16.1 (8.6)

2.8 (2.5)

1.7 (1.2)

0.9 (0.7)

NA

NA

1961.0 (1077.5)

81.6 (49.0)

73.3 (52.4)

252.2 (119.6)

11.5 (7.6)

18.7 (10.3)

2.0 (1.7)

2.1 (1.1)

0.7 (0.7)

1535.2 (902.9)

58.3 (38.3)

57.8 (41.4)

202.8 (109.1)

11.2 (9.7)

13.3 (7.5)

2.5 (3.4)

1.7 (1.0)

0.6 (0.6)

p = 0.85

p = 0.59

p = 0.92

p = 0.94

p = 0.15

p = 0.01

p = 0.68

p = 0.97

p = 0.13

Gibbs (2013) [26]

n = 764

Parent questionnaire

No sweet drinks (%)

74.1

75.6

76.2

68.1

NA

NA

OR = 1.33 (0.70 to 2.5); p = 0.38

McAleese (2007) [16]

n = 122

24 h recall x 3 (workbook)

Vitamin A (μg/day RAE)

Vitamin C (mg/day)

Fibre (g/day)

430.4 (244.1)

58.2 (62.2)

12.7 (4.6)

612.4 (359.6)

143.4 (144.5)

16.9 (7.4)

428.5 (247.9)

47.5 (48.5)

10.7 (5.2)

358.8 (273.3)

60.8 (126.6)

9.9 (5.0)

621.4 (294.1)

83.1 (115.6)

15.3 (6.0)

549.5 (248.9)

76.2 (129.5)

12.6 (8.0)

F = 5.86; p = 0.004

F = 4.31; p = 0.016

F = 8.21; p = 0.001