Table 3 Quality assessment of the included studies

Hamid SA, Roberts J, Mosley P. Can micro health insurance reduce poverty? Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Risk and Insurance. 2011 Mar 1;78(1):57–82.

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

8

Yip W, Hsiao WC. Non-evidence-based policy: how effective is China's new cooperative medical scheme in reducing medical impoverishment? Social science & medicine. 2009 Jan 31;68(2):201–9.

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

N

6

Hou Z, Van de Poel E, Van Doorslaer E, Yu B, Meng Q. Effects of NCMS on access to care and financial protection in China. Health economics. 2014 Aug 1;23(8):917–34.

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

Y

N

7

Cheung D, Padieu Y. Heterogeneity of the effects of health insurance on household savings: Evidence from rural China. World Development. 2015 Feb 28;66:84–103.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

9

Sun Q, Liu X, Meng Q, Tang S, Yu B, Tolhurst R. Evaluating the financial protection of patients with chronic disease by health insurance in rural China. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2009;8:42. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-8-42.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

N

8

Wagstaff A, Lindelow M, Jun G, Ling X, Juncheng Q. Extending health insurance to the rural population: An impact evaluation of China's new cooperative medical scheme. Journal of health economics. 2009 Jan 31;28(1):1–9.

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

8

Aggarwal A. Impact evaluation of India's ‘Yeshasvini’community-based health insurance programme. Health Economics. 2010 Sep 1;19(S1):5–35.

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

6

Savitha B, KB K. Microhealth insurance and the risk coping strategies for the management of illness in Karnataka: a case study. The International journal of health planning and management. 2013 Aug 1.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

9

Devadasan N, Criel B, Van Damme W, Ranson K, Van der Stuyft P. Indian community health insurance schemes provide partial protection against catastrophic health expenditure. BMC Health Services Research. 2007 Mar 15;7(1):43.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

N

8

Wagstaff A. Health insurance for the poor: initial impacts of Vietnam's health care fund for the poor. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. 2007 Feb 1(4134).

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

N

6

Wagstaff A. Estimating health insurance impacts under unobserved heterogeneity: the case of Vietnam's health care fund for the poor. Health economics. 2010 Feb 1;19(2):189–208.

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

N

6

Pham T, Pham TL. Does microinsurance help the poor? Evidence from the targeted health microinsurance program in Vietnam 2004–2008. International Labor Organization. 2012 Feb. Research paper No. 11

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

10

Alkenbrack S, Lindelow M. The Impact of Community‐Based Health Insurance on Utilization and Out‐of‐Pocket Expenditures in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Health economics. 2013 Dec 1.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

9

Bodhisane S, Pongpanich S. The Impact of Community Based Health Insurance in Enhancing Better Accessibility and Lowering the Chance of Having Financial Catastrophe Due to Health Service Utilization A Case Study of Savannakhet Province, Laos. International Journal of Health Services. 2015 Jul 20:0020731415595609.

Y

Y

N

Y

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

5

Franco LM, Diop FP, Burgert CR, Kelley AG, Makinen M, Simpara CH. Effects of mutual health organizations on use of priority health-care services in urban and rural Mali: a case–control study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008 Nov;86(11):830–8.

Y

Y

N

Y

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

5

Dercon S, Gunning JW, Zeitlin A, Lombardini S. The impact of a health insurance programme: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Kenya. Research Paper. 2012 Nov(24).

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

N

N

7

Parmar D, Reinhold S, Souares A, Savadogo G, Sauerborn R. Does Community-Based Health Insurance Protect Household Assets? Evidence from Rural Africa. Health services research. 2012 Apr 1;47(2):819–39.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

8

Haddad S, Ridde V, Yacoubou I, Mák G, Gbetié M. An evaluation of the outcomes of mutual health organizations in Benin.

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

N

N

6

Saksena P, Antunes AF, Xu K, Musango L, Carrin G. Mutual health insurance in Rwanda: evidence on access to care and financial risk protection. Health policy. 2011 Mar 31;99(3):203–9.

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

7

Lu C, Chin B, Lewandowski JL, Basinga P, Hirschhorn LR, Hill K, Murray M, Binagwaho A. Towards universal health coverage: an evaluation of Rwanda Mutuelles in its first eight years. PLoS One. 2012 Jun 1;7(6):e39282.

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

9

Kihaule A. Impact of Micro Health Insurance Plans on Protecting Households Against Catastrophic Health Spending in Tanzania. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care (JNHC). 2015 Aug 27;2(2).

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

Y

Y

N

6

Dekker M, Wilms A. Health Insurance and Other Risk-Coping Strategies in Uganda: The Case of Microcare Insurance Ltd. World Development. 2010 Mar 31;38(3):369–78.

Y

N

N

N

N

N

Y

Y

Y

N

4

Chankova S, Sulzbach S, Diop F. Impact of mutual health organizations: evidence from West Africa. Health policy and planning. 2008 Jul 1;23(4):264–76.

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Y

Y

N

N

6