Characteristics | Obese I (BMIa 30.00–34.99 kg/m2) | Obese II (BMIa 35.00–39.99 kg/m2) | Obese III (BMIa ≥40.00 kg/m2) | p-value* | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 56,478 | n = 10,878 | n = 2,696 | ||||||
Healthy | Unhealthy | Healthy | Unhealthy | Healthy | Unhealthy | Healthy | Unhealthy | |
n = 33,205 | n = 23,273 | n = 4,352 | n = 6,526 | n = 1,043 | n = 1,653 | |||
Prevalence, % | 7.4 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | ||
(95 % CI)b | (7.3–7.4) | (5.1–5.2) | (0.9–1.0) | (1.4–1.5) | (0.2–0.2) | (0.3–0.4) | ||
Age (years), mean [SD] c (95 % CI)b | 37.9 [10.7] | 43.5 [10.6] | 36.6 [10.6] | 41.5 [10.8] | 35.8 [9.9] | 39.8 [10.3] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(37.8–38.0) | (43.3–43.6) | (36.2–36.9) | (41.2–41.7) | (35.2–36.4) | (39.3–40.3) | |||
Female, % | 16.6 | 10.5 | 28.2 | 14.1 | 34.2 | 22.3 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(95 % CI)b | (16.2–17.0) | (10.1–10.9) | (26.9–29.6) | (13.3–14.9) | (31.3–37.1) | (20.4–24.4) | ||
Blue-collar worker, % | 74.1 | 74.6 | 75.0 | 77.4 | 72.3 | 74.1 | 0.1984 | <0.0001 |
(95 % CI)b | (73.7–74.6) | (74–75.2) | (73.7–76.3) | (76.4–78.4) | (69.5–75) | (71.9–76.1) | ||
Smoking status, % (95 % CI)b | ||||||||
Never smoker | 38.4 | 29.7 | 39.1 | 31.1 | 42.0 | 32.3 | 0.0097 | <0.0001 |
(37.9–38.9) | (29.1–30.3) | (37.7–40.6) | (29.9–32.2) | (39.0–45.0) | (30.1–34.6) | |||
Former smoker (stopped smoking ≥1 year ago) | 17.0 | 22.3 | 15.8 | 18.6 | 13.6 | 18.6 | ||
(16.6–17.4) | (21.8–22.9) | (14.7–16.9) | (17.7–19.6) | (11.7–15.8) | (16.8–20.6) | |||
Former smoker (stopped smoking <1 year ago) | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.8 | ||
(3.2–3.6) | (3.5–4.0) | (2.7–3.7) | (3.3–4.2) | (1.9–3.9) | (2.9–4.8) | |||
Current smoker | 41.2 | 44.2 | 42.0 | 46.6 | 41.7 | 45.3 | ||
(40.7–41.7) | (43.6–44.9) | (40.5–43.4) | (45.4–47.8) | (38.8–44.7) | (42.9–47.7) | |||
Heavy drinker, % | 2.2 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 0.6390 | 0.5314 |
(95 % CI)b | (2.0–2.3) | (3.1–3.6) | (1.6–2.5) | (3.0–3.8) | (1.7–3.6) | (2.1–3.8) | ||
Physical exercised, % (95 % CI)b | ||||||||
Regular physical exercise | 16.3 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 10.2 | 14.4 | 9.0 | 0.0012 | 0.1334 |
(15.5–17.1) | (11.1–13.0) | (12.3–16.0) | (8.7–11.9) | (11.1–18.5) | (6.6–12.3) | |||
≥2 h/week of physical exercise | 10.9 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 8.6 | 7.2 | ||
(10.3–11.6) | (8.3–10.0) | (8.3–11.5) | (7.9–10.9) | (6.1–12.1) | (5.1–10.3) | |||
<2 h/week physical exercise | 15.1 | 13.3 | 14.4 | 12.3 | 9.8 | 12.9 | ||
(14.4–15.9) | (12.3–14.3) | (12.6–16.3) | (10.7–14.2) | (7.1–13.4) | (9.9–16.6) | |||
No physical exercise | 57.7 | 65.6 | 61.8 | 68.2 | 67.1 | 70.8 | ||
(56.7–58.8) | (64.2–67.0) | (59.1–64.4) | (65.7–70.6) | (62–71.9) | (66.1–75.1) | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean [SD]c (95 % CI)b | 130.2 [15.8] | 141.2 [16.6] | 131.2 [16.5] | 142.7 [17.3] | 132.2 [17.8] | 143.8 [17.1] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(130.1–130.4) | (141–141.4) | (130.7–131.7) | (142.3–143.2) | (131.1–133.2) | (143–144.6) | |||
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean [SD]c (95 % CI)b | 79.4 [10.5] | 85.8 [10.6] | 80.6 [10.9] | 87.1 [11.1] | 81.8 [12.3] | 88.1 [11.4] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(79.3–79.5) | (85.6–85.9) | (80.3–81.0) | (86.9–87.4) | (81.1–82.5) | (87.5–88.6) | |||
Hypertension, % | 52.1 | 88.6 | 52.5 | 90.4 | 56.0 | 90.9 | 0.036 | <0.0001 |
(95 % CI)b | (51.5–52.6) | (88.2–89.0) | (51.0–54.0) | (89.7–91.1) | (53.0–59.0) | (89.5–92.2) | ||
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean [SD]c (95 % CI)b | 50.3 [11.3] | 43.8 [10.7] | 51.1 [11.3] | 43.4 [10.4] | 51.3 [11.4] | 43.8 [10.6] | <0.0001 | 0.0257 |
(50.2–50.4) | (43.7–44.0) | (50.8–51.4) | (43.2–43.7) | (50.6–52.0) | (43.2–44.3) | |||
Triglycerides (mg/dL), mean [SD]c (95 % CI)b | 115.7 [71.7] | 200.0 [130.0] | 105.7 [49.2] | 194.3 [121.8] | 103.8 [50.2] | 186.2 [116.6] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(114.9–116.4) | (198.3–201.6) | (104.2–107.2) | (191.4–197.3) | (100.6–106.7) | (180.6–191.9) | |||
Hypertriglyceridemia, % | 16.7 | 68.1 | 8.8 | 64.6 | 6.8 | 59.0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(95 % CI)b | (16.3–17.1) | (67.5–68.7) | (8.0–9.7) | (63.4–65.8) | (5.4–8.5) | (56.6–61.4) | ||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean [SD]c (95 % CI)b | 204.6 [38.7] | 217.4 [42.7] | 199.9 [37.6] | 213.5 [42.2] | 196.4 [35.2] | 208.4 [40.5] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(204.2–205.0) | (216.8–217.9) | (198.8–201) | (212.5–214.5) | (194.3–198.6) | (206.5–210.4) | |||
Hypercholesterolemia, % | 53.8 | 68.3 | 48.8 | 64.2 | 45.4 | 58.7 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(95 % CI)b | (53.2–54.3) | (67.7–68.9) | (47.3–50.3) | (63.0–65.4) | (42.4–48.4) | (56.3–61.0) | ||
Glucose level (mg/dL), mean [SD]c (95 % CI) | 89.6 [13.1] | 106.3 [32.6] | 88.5 [11.5] | 107.2 [34.8] | 87.7 [10.0] | 109.4 [37.3] | <0.0001 | 0.0021 |
(89.5–89.8) | (105.9–106.8) | (88.2–88.9) | (106.3–108.0) | (87.1–88.3) | (107.6–111.2) | |||
BMI (kg/m2), mean [SD]c (95 % CI)b | 31.7 [1.3] | 32.1 [1.4] | 36.8 [1.3] | 36.9 [1.4] | 44.2 [5.7] | 43.3 [4.3] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(31.6–31.7) | (32.1–32.1) | (36.7–36.8) | (36.8–36.9) | (43.9–44.7) | (43.2–43.7) | |||
Waist circumference (cm), mean [SD]c (95 % CI)b | 100.6 [8.2] | 106.4 [6.8] | 110.1 [10.9] | 115.1 [8.2] | 116.3 [16.8] | 125 [10.7] | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
(100.5–100.7) | (106.3–106.5) | (109.8–110.4) | (114.9–115.2) | (115.2–117.3) | (124.5–125.5) |