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Table 1 Background characteristics of study population by gender, rural Ethiopia, 2010

From: Factors influencing the uptake of voluntary HIV counseling and testing in rural Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

 

Total

Women

Men

Variables

N

%

N

%

N

%

Socio-demographic variables

      

Overall

11,919

 

6278

52.7

5641

47.3

Age group, year

      
 

15–19

1342

11.3

770

12.3

572

10.1

 

20–24

1785

15.0

1123

17.9

662

11.7

 

25–29

2196

18.4

1357

21.6

839

14.9

 

30–39

3635

30.5

1921

30.6

1714

30.4

 

40+

2961

24.8

1107

17.6

1854

32.9

Marital status

      
 

Married

9400

78.9

4973

79.3

4427

78.5

 

Never married

1860

15.6

758

12.1

1102

19.6

 

Divorced/Widowed

651

5.5

542

8.6

109

1.9

Educational level

      
 

Never attended/<1 year

6934

58.2

4386

70.9

2548

47.1

 

Primary

2835

23.8

1183

19.1

1652

30.5

 

Secondary or higher

1832

15.4

619

10.0

1213

22.4

Gender of household head

      
 

Female

1794

15.1

1233

19.7

561

10.0

 

Male

10,113

84.8

5041

80.4

5072

90.0

Occupation of household head

      
 

Farmer

10,688

89.7

5599

90.3

5089

91.3

 

Gov't employee/merchant

569

4.8

314

5.1

255

4.6

 

Other

519

4.4

291

4.7

228

4.1

Religion

      
 

Orthodox

4749

39.8

2493

39.8

2256

40.1

 

Islam

4122

34.6

2170

34.6

1952

34.7

 

Protestant

2527

21.2

1331

21.3

1196

21.3

 

Other

494

4.1

270

4.3

224

4.0

Socio-economic status index

      
 

Low

2084

17.5

1123

17.9

961

17.1

 

Low-middle

4192

35.2

2233

35.6

1959

34.8

 

Middle

3586

30.1

1863

29.7

1723

30.6

 

High-middle

1720

14.4

884

14.1

836

14.8

 

High

329

2.8

170

2.7

159

2.8

Settlement pattern

      
 

Pastoral/agro-pastoral

1724

14.5

909

14.5

815

14.5

 

Agrarian

10,195

85.5

5369

85.5

4826

85.6

Region

      
 

Tigray

1152

9.7

622

9.9

530

9.4

 

Afar

358

3.0

191

3.0

167

3.0

 

Amhara

2677

22.5

1409

22.4

1268

22.5

 

Oromia

2852

23.9

1461

23.3

1391

24.7

 

Benshangul-Gumuz

644

5.4

330

5.3

314

5.6

 

SNNP

2063

17.3

1052

16.8

1011

17.9

 

Gambela

1128

9.5

649

10.3

479

8.5

 

Dire Dawa

137

1.1

83

1.3

54

1.0

 

Harari

170

1.4

93

1.5

77

1.4

 

Somali

738

6.2

388

6.2

350

6.2

Behavioral variables

      

Risk partner in past 12 months

      
 

No

11,694

98.1

6177

98.4

5517

97.8

 

Yes

225

1.9

101

1.6

124

2.2

Self-perceived risk of HIV

      
 

No risk

7128

59.8

3581

57.0

3547

62.9

 

Small risk

1183

9.9

573

9.1

610

10.8

 

Moderate/great risk

708

5.9

360

5.7

348

6.2

 

Don’t know

2900

24.3

1764

28.1

1136

20.1

Believes HIV/AIDS is fatal

      
 

No

2113

17.7

1336

21.3

777

13.8

 

Yes

9806

82.3

4942

78.7

4864

86.2

Believes HIV/AIDS can be cured

      
 

No

10,321

86.6

5458

86.9

4863

86.2

 

Yes

1598

13.4

820

13.1

778

13.8

HIV/AIDS knowledge index

      
 

None

4151

34.8

2597

41.4

1554

27.6

 

Low

2592

21.7

1328

21.2

1264

22.4

 

Moderate

3007

25.2

1455

23.2

1552

27.5

 

High

2169

18.2

898

14.3

1271

22.5

HIV/AIDS stigma scale

      
 

No stigma

4222

35.4

1907

30.4

2315

41.0

 

Low stigma

2049

17.2

1020

16.3

1029

18.2

 

Moderate stigma

3009

25.2

1671

26.6

1338

23.7

 

High stigma

2639

22.1

1680

26.8

959

17.0

Talked with partner about HIV

      
 

No

6436

54.0

3668

58.4

2768

49.1

 

Yes

5483

46.0

2610

41.6

2873

50.9

Programmatic variables

      

Walking distance to HF

      
 

<=10 min

9510

79.8

5016

79.9

4494

79.7

 

10–30 min

1639

13.8

861

13.7

778

13.8

 

30+ minutes

770

6.5

401

6.4

369

6.5

Proactively visited HEW

      
 

No

7242

60.8

3839

62.5

3403

62.2

 

Yes

4373

36.7

2304

37.5

2069

37.8

HEW visited home

      
 

No

6511

54.6

3474

57.0

3037

55.9

 

Yes

5016

42.1

2624

43.0

2392

44.1

Source of HIV information

      
 

Never exposed

1207

10.1

833

13.3

374

6.6

 

Only to mass media

745

6.3

338

5.4

407

7.2

 

Community conversations

9967

83.6

5107

81.4

4860

86.2

Model-family

      
 

No

11,221

94.1

5917

95.4

5304

95.1

 

Yes

555

4.7

283

4.6

272

4.9

VHPs in village

      
 

No

5594

46.9

2995

47.7

2599

46.1

 

Yes

6325

53.1

3283

52.3

3042

53.9