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Table 2 Modified Poisson regression - association between physical fighting and individual and area-level family affluence by sex

From: Physical fighting, fighting-related injuries and family affluence among Canadian youth

 

Bivariate model

Multivariate modela,b

 

Male

Female

Male

Female

 

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

Self-perceived affluence

        

Low

1.14 (1.05–1.25)

0.003

1.66 (1.45–1.90)

<0.001

0.99 (0.91–1.09)

0.886

1.39 (1.20–1.60)

<0.001

Moderate

1.08 (1.02–1.15)

0.005

1.39 (1.27–1.53)

<0.001

1.02 (0.95–1.09)

0.575

1.30 (1.17–1.43)

<0.001

High

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

Family affluence scale

        

Low

1.09 (0.92–1.28)

0.317

1.50 (1.23–1.85)

<0.001

1.01 (0.86–1.19)

0.888

1.42 (1.14–1.79)

0.002

Moderate

0.93 (0.89–0.98)

0.008

1.12 (1.02–1.23)

0.016

0.93 (0.88–0.98)

0.010

1.06 (0.97–1.17)

0.213

High

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

Average household income

        

Low

1.07 (0.96–1.18)

0.220

1.32 (1.15–1.53)

<0.001

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

0.536

1.26 (1.08–1.46)

0.003

Moderate

1.08 (0.99–1.17)

0.086

1.17 (1.01–1.36)

0.031

1.07 (0.98–1.16)

0.130

1.15 (0.99–1.34)

0.075

High

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

Sub-cohort analysisc

Bivariate model

Multivariate modelb,d

 

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

RR (95 % CI)

p-value

Self-perceived affluence

        

Low

1.13 (0.98–1.30)

0.086

1.63 (1.31–2.01)

<0.001

0.95 (0.80–1.12)

0.550

1.37 (1.09–1.72)

0.008

Moderate

1.12 (1.02–1.24)

0.023

1.29 (1.11–1.51)

0.001

1.03 (0.93–1.13)

0.582

1.17 (0.99–1.39)

0.073

High

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

Family affluence scale

        

Low

1.11 (0.82–1.49)

0.501

1.32 (0.87–2.02)

0.194

0.94 (0.71–1.26)

0.695

1.44 (0.99–2.07)

0.052

Moderate

0.89 (0.81–0.98)

0.016

1.20 (1.02–1.40)

0.027

0.87 (0.79–0.97)

0.011

1.07 (0.89–1.27)

0.478

High

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

Average household income

        

Low

0.98 (0.84–1.15)

0.809

1.04 (0.82–1.30)

0.768

1.01 (0.85–1.19)

0.944

1.01 (0.81–1.25)

0.965

Moderate

0.99 (0.86–1.14)

0.917

1.03 (0.83–1.27)

0.797

1.04 (0.89–1.22)

0.581

0.97 (0.77–1.21)

0.775

High

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 

1.00 (Ref)

 
  1. aMultivariate regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, academic performance, caring teachers, respectful students, alcohol use, happy home life, and club involvement. P(interaction) < 0.001 for self-perceived affluence, P = 0.016 for FAS, and P = 0.032 for area-level income. bAll multivariate models adjusted using backwards elimination with a criteria of p < 0.15. cA sub-cohort of 10,429 grade 9–10 students was analyzed to account for confounders only available in the grade 9 and 10 version of the HBSC survey. dMultivariate regression analysis for Grade 9 and 10 HBSC survey only and adjusted for sex, age, academic performance, caring teachers, respectful students, alcohol use, marijuana use, happy home life, and club involvement. P(interaction) = 0.020 for self-perceived affluence, P = 0.115 for FAS, and P = 0.723 for area-level income