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Table 4 The results of subgroup analysis by characteristics of the population

From: Awareness and knowledge about human papillomavirus vaccination and its acceptance in China: a meta-analysis of 58 observational studies

Subgroups

No. of studies

Incidence % (95 % CI)

I 2 (%)

P value

Awareness (all studies)

 Age

   

0.698

  CS

12

19.07 (11.72,27.71)

99.0

 

  A

27

15.14 (11.11,19.68)

99.1

 

  P

5

15.62 (13.13,18.28)

85.4

 

 Sex

   

0.033

  Fa

23

17.39 (13.06,22.20)

98.8

 

  F, Ma

17

18.55 (14.14,23.42)

98.8

 

  Mb

3

1.82 (0.50,11.20)

98.5

 

 Sample method

   

0.504

  Randomized

16

18.88 (13.60,24.80)

99.0

 

  Cluster

16

13.74 (7.66,21.24)

99.1

 

  Convenience

12

16.03 (12.12,20.36)

97.7

 

 Ethnicity

   

0.017

  Han

29

20.17 (16.42,24.20)

98.3

 

  Mixed

15

9.61 (5.95,14.03)

99.0

 

 Region

   

0.031

  EDAa

20

17.57 (13.36,22.21)

98.0

 

  CLDAa

12

17.78 (12.18,24.19)

97.6

 

  WUDAb

5

1.80 (0.02,6.33)

98.9

 

Knowledge (all studies)

 Age

   

0.171

  CS

10

40.94 (20.11,63.64)

99.8

 

  A

11

15.52 (10.22,21.69)

98.7

 

  P

1

16.27

  

 Sex

   

0.841

  F

13

27.2 (17.56,38.07)

99.5

 

  F, M

9

24.51 (10.28,42.45)

99.7

 

  M

0

   

 Sample method

   

0.757

  Randomized

11

29.87 (13.02,50.19)

99.7

 

  Cluster

7

19.16 (12.41,26.98)

98.7

 

  Convenience

0

   

 Ethnicity

   

0.893

  Han

14

25.40 (14.41,38.28)

99.4

 

  Mixed

8

27.46 (13.87,43.62)

99.8

 

 Region

   

0.837

  EDA

8

19.58 (11.76,28.82)

98.6

 

  CLDA

9

27.80 (11.97,47.20)

99.7

 

  WUDA

2

13.96 (2.44,32.70)

99.7

 

Acceptability (for themselves)

 Age

   

0.338

  CS

10

71.71 (64.06,78.77)

97.9

 

  A

24

64.82 (52.80,75.95)

99.9

 

  P

2

44.92 (26.00,64.63)

98.7

 

 Sex

   

0.208

  F

21

68.50 (54.40,81.05)

99.9

 

  F, M

15

61.65 (52.47,70.43)

99.4

 

  M

0

   

 Sample method

   

0.022

  Randomized

12

70.42 (63.63,76.79)

98.8

 

  Clustera

12

72.45 (52.22,88.76)

99.9

 

  Convenienceb

12

53.53 (41.95,64.92)

99.5

 

 Ethnicity

   

0.939

  Han

24

65.14 (53.62,75.83)

99.8

 

  Mixed

12

66.76 (51.25,80.60)

99.7

 

 Region

   

0.407

  EDA

14

65.31 (54.68,75.21)

99.2

 

  CLDA

12

64.10 (46.56,79.87)

99.7

 

  WUDA

3

82.15 (35.87,99.68)

99.9

 

Acceptability (for daughters)

 Age

   

0.014

  CS

1

38.61

  

  Aa

10

64.72 (55.57,73.36)

99.2

 

  Pb

3

33.78 (26.26,41.74)

88.3

 

 Sex

   

0.068

  F

8

67.04 (57.46,75.96)

99.2

 

  F, M

4

46.06 (27.07,65.66)

97.6

 

  M

0

   

 Sample method

   

0.038

  Randomizeda

5

72.75 (67.66,77.56)

92.9

 

  Clusterb

6

48.54 (32.37,64.88)

99.4

 

  Convenience

3

56.36 (34.63,76.88)

98.8

 

 Ethnicity

   

0.253

  Han

8

57.84 (47.89,67.48)

99.5

 

  Mixed

6

61.04 (44.36,76.50)

99.3

 

 Region

   

0.689

  EDA

6

59.03 (41.51,75.44)

98.9

 

  CLDA

4

56.36 (37.18,74.60)

99.3

 

  WUDA

2

51.49 (33.81,68.97)

99.3

 
  1. There were significant differences in groups with different letters (P < 0.05)
  2. The pooled rate and 95 % CI are from random effects model
  3. A adults, P parents, CS college students