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Table 2 Maternal health characteristics associated with malnutrition in 371 children attending PML hospital in Accra, Ghana

From: Maternal profiles and social determinants of malnutrition and the MDGs: What have we learnt?

Characteristic

Nutritional status of child

    

Malnourished n, %

Well-nourished n, %

Crude OR [95 % CI]

p-value

Adjusted OR [95 % CI]*

p-value

Mother’s marital status (N = 346)

 Single

29 (17.6)

11 (6.1)

4.21 [1.91–9.79]

<0.001

2.70 [1.12–6.51]

0.027

 Separated/Divorced/widowed

9 (5.5

9 (5.0)

1.60 [0.61–4.18]

0.340

0.14 [0.02–0.99]

0.048

 Co-habiting

40 (24.2)

22 (12.2)

2.90 [1.56–5.48]

<0.001

2.23 [1.13–4.40]

0.021

 Married

87(52.7)

139 (76.8)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Monthly family income (N = 371)

 ≤500 Gh Cedisa

140 (76.9)

85 (45.0)

4.08 [2.55–6.56]

<0.001

3.05 [1.75–5.31]

<0.001

 >500 Gh Cedisa

42 (23.1)

104 (55.0)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Mother's BMI category (N = 336)

 Normal Weight

89 (55.3)

66 (37.9)

1.01 [0.14–6.20]

0.989

-

-

 Over-weight/Obese

68 (42.2)

105 (60.3)

0.49 [0.07–2.98]

0.345

-

-

 Under-weight

4 (2.5)

3 (1.7)

1.00

   

Mother’s BMI category (N = 347)

 Yes

22 (13.5)

24 (13.0)

1.04 [0.53–2.03]

0.901

-

-

 No

141 (86.5)

160 (87.0)

1.00

   

Maternal HIV status (N = 288)

 Positive

13 (7.1)

3 (1.6)

5.92 [1.57–32.91]

0.002

5.41 [1.29–22.77]

0.021

 Negative

115 (63.2)

157 (83.1)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Presence of chronic illness in mother (N = 371)

 Yes

10 (5.5)

3 (1.6)

3.60 [0.91–20.65]

0.041

6.51 [1.27–33.47]

0.025

 No

172 (94.5)

186 (98.4)

1.00

 

1.00

 
  1. a1.00$ = 2.00GH Cedis; *Varibales with p < 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariate analysis model in addition to marital status and monthly family income; BMI Body mass index, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval