Table 1 Maternal socio-economic and demographic characteristics associated with malnutrition in 371 children attending PML hospital in Accra, Ghana
From: Maternal profiles and social determinants of malnutrition and the MDGs: What have we learnt?
Characteristic | Nutritional status of child | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malnourished n, % | Well-nourished n, % | Crude OR [95 % CI] | p-value | Adjusted OR [95 % CI]* | p-value | |
Mother’s current age (N = 357) | ||||||
≤19 years | 8 (4.7) | 2 (1.1) | 4.39 [0.85–42.97] | 0.045 | 1.00 [0.14–7.22] | 0.999 |
≥35 years | 30 (17.5) | 38 (20.4) | 0.87 [0.49–1.53] | 0.599 | 1.07 [0.57–1.98] | 0.841 |
20–34 years | 133 (77.8) | 146 (78.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Mother's age during pregnancy (N = 357) | ||||||
≤19 years | 19 (11.1) | 8 (4.3) | 2.78 [1.12–7.54] | 0.015 | 1.50 [0.47–4.73] | 0.492 |
≥20 years | 152(88.9) | 178 (95.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Mother’s marital status (N = 346) | ||||||
Single | 29 (17.6) | 11 (6.1) | 4.21 [1.91–9.79] | <0.001 | 2.43 [1.05–5.61] | 0.038 |
Separated/Divorced/widowed | 9 (5.5) | 9 (5.0) | 1.60 [0.61–4.18] | 0.340 | 0.54 [0.16–1.82] | 0.324 |
Co-habiting | 40 (24.2) | 22 (12.2) | 2.90 [1.56–5.48] | <0.001 | 2.24 [1.16–4.34] | 0.016 |
Married | 87(52.7) | 139 (76.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Mother's educational status (N = 365) | ||||||
None | 25 (14.0) | 12 (6.5) | 7.18 [2.35–22.50] | <0.001 | 2.73 [0.75–9.96] | 0.128 |
Basic | 112 (62.6) | 93 (50.0) | 4.19 [1.80–10.37] | <0.001 | 2.10 [0.81–5.45] | 0.126 |
Secondary/Vocational | 33 (18.4) | 50 (26.9) | 2.27 [0.90–6.11] | 0.059 | 1.35 [0.50–3.62] | 0.549 |
Tertiary | 9 (5.0) | 31 (16.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Mother can read and write (N = 368) | ||||||
No | 81 (44.8) | 49 (26.2) | 2.28 [1.44–3.63] | <0.001 | 1.09 [0.58–2.03] | 0.794 |
Yes | 100 (55.2) | 138 (73.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Monthly family income (N = 371) | ||||||
≤ 500 Gh Cedisa | 140 (76.9) | 85 (45.0) | 4.08 [2.55–6.56] | <0.001 | 2.73 [1.61–4.65] | <0.001 |
> 500 Gh Cedisa | 42 (23.1) | 104 (55.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Receives extra financial support due to inadequate family income (N = 371) | ||||||
Yes | 44 (24.2) | 24 (12.7) | 2.19 [1.23–3.96] | 0.004 | 1.47 [0.77–2.82] | 0.241 |
No | 138 (75.8) | 165 (87.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||