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Table 3 Odds (95 % CI) of cohort member drinking

From: What influences 11-year-olds to drink? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study

 

Model 0

Model 1

Model 2

Gender

      

 Girl

0.68***

(0.60 to 0.77)

0.67***

(0.58 to 0.78)

0.68***

(0.58 to 0.79)

Signs of pubertal changes

      

 Yes

  

1.38***

(1.17 to 1.63)

1.40***

(1.19 to 1.65)

Birth order

      

 Firstborn

  

0.93

(0.80 to 1.10)

0.91

(0.77 to 1.08)

Socioemotional difficulties

      

 Yes

  

0.97

(0.79 to 1.20)

0.80

(0.63 to 1.00)

Equivalised household income (ref poorest)

 Fourth

  

0.95

(0.74 to 1.22)

0.99

(0.77 to 1.27)

 Third

  

0.97

(0.73 to 1.27)

1.00

(0.76 to 1.32)

 Second

  

0.90

(0.67 to 1.21)

0.94

(0.70 to 1.25)

 Richest

  

0.89

(0.66 to 1.18)

0.92

(0.69 to 1.24)

Religious affiliation

      

 Yes

  

0.81**

(0.69 to 0.94)

0.84*

(0.72 to 0.99)

Anti-social behaviours (ref 0)

      

 1

  

1.87***

(1.56 to 2.25)

1.73***

(1.43 to 2.09)

 2

  

3.22***

(2.13 to 4.87)

2.80***

(1.85 to 4.23)

 3

  

3.67***

(2.04 to 6.60)

2.92***

(1.64 to 5.18)

 4

  

5.14**

(1.81 to 14.60)

3.92**

(1.40 to 11.0)

Truancy (ref No)

      

 Yes

  

0.93

(0.63 to 1.38)

0.86

(0.57 to 1.28)

 No answer

  

1.07

(0.31 to 3.71)

1.11

(0.34 to 3.60)

Cigarette smoking (ref No)

      

 Yes

  

3.23***

(2.26 to 4.60)

3.03***

(2.17 to 4.24)

 No answer

  

0.53

(0.12 to 2.33)

0.51

(0.15 to 1.79)

Perception of harm from 1–2 drinks per day (ref No/slight risk)

 Some risk

    

0.88

(0.70 to 1.10)

 Great risk

    

0.59***

(0.47 to 0.74)

Alcohol expectancies

      

 Positive

    

1.87***

(1.42 to 2.46)

 Negative

    

0.51***

(0.39 to 0.66)

Un-supervised time at weekend/weekday (ref Never/rarely)

 Sometimes

    

1.03

(0.85 to 1.26)

 Often

    

1.15

(0.95 to 1.38)

Frequent battles with parents

      

 Yes

    

1.25*

(1.05 to 1.50)

Relationship between mother and child (ref Very/extremely close)

 Fairly/not very close

    

1.30

(0.99 to 1.71)

Happy with family (ref Yes)

 No

    

1.24*

(1.02 to 1.52)

  1. Model 0 adjusts for gender
  2. Model 1 - Model 0 + puberty, birth order, socioemotional difficulties, income, religion, anti-social behaviour, truancy, cigarette smoking
  3. Model 2 - Model 1 + perception of harm due to alcohol, positive and negative expectancies, parental supervision, battles, closeness, happiness with family
  4. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05