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Table 1 Breakdown of specific intervention components by time, targeted construct and methods

From: Mediators of repeat mammography in two tailored interventions for Iranian women

Time and groups receiving session

Theory

Targeted theoretical constructs

Methods used

Week 1–6: HBM, TPB

HBM

Perceived threat of breast cancer

Lecture for group educational session targeting:

-Facts about breast cancer

-Risk factors for breast cancer

-Effective messages to increase the perceived threat of breast cancer and high levels of response efficacy of mammography.

HBM

Perceived benefits to mammography

Lecture for group educational session targeting:

-Facts about recommended rescreening frequency and its importance

-Benefits of mammography for early detection and thus a higher chance of survival

Summary pamphlet on the benefits of mammography.

Week 8–9: HBM, TPB

HBM

Perceived barriers to mammography

Lecture for group educational session targeting:

-Personal and environmental barriers

-Broad information about how to address barriers (e.g., low-cost mammography exists)

Tailored individual counseling and reminder cards/ pamphlets targeting:

-Women’s specific barriers (e.g., how to obtain a mammogram in relation to women’s specific spatial and temporal constraints)

-Women’s response efficacy of the mammography process and perceptions about the benefits to mammography

Week10 –13: HBM, TPB

HBM

Perceived self-efficacy

Lecture for group educational session targeting:

-The ability to schedule physician visits and logistical barriers for mammography appointments

-The ability to address psychosocial barriers

-Women’s ability to act and survive if they receive a diagnosis (e.g., immediate treatment initiation)

Tailored individual counseling and reminder cards/pamphlets targeting:

-Women’s knowledge about their yearly schedule to obtain mammograms

-Women’s definite action plans about how they can address matters of cost, time, or transportation (e.g., how to identify locations that offer reduced-price mammograms)

-Women’s ability to talk to providers about their specific psychosocial concerns about mammography (e.g., fear of a diagnosis)

Week 14 – 17: TPB

TPB

Perceived subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (only for TPB group)

Lecture for group educational session with participants emphasizing:

-Peer support, exposure modeling and interpersonal norms.

-Skills to develop social network by sharing commitment and plans for obtaining mammograms

-Participants’ beliefs to accept that it is up to them to use breast cancer screening behaviors in different environmental conditions

-Participants’ skills in engaging healthcare providers about mammography referrals

Tailored individual counseling and reminder cards/pamphlets targeting:

-Identification of family and friends who can support women in obtaining mammograms

-Participants’ skills in engaging healthcare providers about mammography referrals

Small group educational session with participants’ family and friends targeting:

-Family/friends’ skills and abilities to support women in their ability to obtain mammograms

Week 18: TPB

TPB

Perceived control (only for TPB group)

Tailored individual counseling and reminders/pamphlets targeting:

-Women’s awareness of information regarding scheduling mammography appointments and providers with whom they can engage about appointments

-Women’s specific experiences and unique challenges with environmental factors (e.g., how to minimize fear and social stigma by having a friend attend one’s appointment)

Week 20: HBM, TPB

HBM

TPB

(Self-efficacy - only for HBM group)

(Perceived behavioral control - only for TPB group)

Tailored individual counseling targeting:

-Women’s self-identified goals and encouragement through positive feedback and verbal persuasion concerning unique intrapersonal barriers

-Women’s self-identified unique environmental barriers to attaining mammograms and strategies concerning how to respond to environmental challenges

  1. Abbreviations: HBM intervention based on the health belief model, TPB intervention based on the health belief and the theory of planned behavior