Table 2 Descriptive statistics of individual biomarkers among adults (≥18 years), Scottish Health Survey (n = 1,834)
System | Biomarker | High Risk Threshold (Allostatic load score +1) | Clinical risk threshold | Range | Mean Score (Standard Deviation) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular | Pulse Rate (bpm) | ≥76.3 bpm | ≥100 bpm | 37.7 − 108.0 | 69.9 (10.40) |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | >138.5 mmHg | ≥140 mmHg | 87.5 − 218.5 | 128.5 (17.84) | |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | >82.5 mmHg | ≥90 mmHg | 38.5 − 114.0 | 75.2 (10.97) | |
Metabolic | BMI (kg/m2) | >30.0 kg/m2 | >30 kg/m2 | 14.0 – 47.0 | 27.4 (4.64) |
Waist-to-hip ratio (Men) | ≥0.93 | ≥0.94 | 0.76 − 1.15 | 0.93 (0.07) | |
Waist-to-hip ratio (Women) | ≥0.93 | ≥0.80 | 0.66 − 1.08 | 0.83 (0.07) | |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | ≤1.20 mmol/L | ≤1.00 mmol/L | 0.5 − 3.3 | 1.50 (0.40) | |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | >6.24 mmol/L | >6.20 mmol/L | 2.5 − 10.4 | 5.55 (1.08) | |
HbA1c (%) | ≥5.80 % | ≥5.70 % | 4.1 − 13.7 | 5.57 (0.57) | |
Immune | Fibrinogen (g/L) | ≥3.40 g/L | ≥4.0 g/L | 1.1 − 5.0 | 3.00 (0.51) |
C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) | ≥2.70 mg/L | ≥10.0 mg/L | 0.1 – 10.8 | 2.02 (2.02) | |
Allostatic load score | - | - | 0 − 9 | 2.52 (1.95) |