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Table 2 Associations between deprivation and alcohol harm paradox variables stratified by alcohol consumption

From: The alcohol harm paradox: using a national survey to explore how alcohol may disproportionately impact health in deprived individuals

Alcohol harm paradox variables

Deprived

n

All

Alcohol consumption category

Minimal consumer

Lower risk

Increased risk

Higher risk

Never drank

Ex-drinker

Combined health challenges

 Current smoker %

No

4041

12.1

12.1

10.1

12.4

19.1

9.6

16.4

Yes

1966

21.0

18.8

19.0

29.9

45.8

10.4

23.5

P

 

<0.001

0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.801

0.003

 < =1 portion fruit or veg/day %

No

4037

8.5

8.8

6.5

5.0

17.1

13.5

13.2

Yes

1967

16.2

12.7

12.7

14.4

40.7

21.2

20.5

P

 

<0.001

0.032

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.064

0.001

 < 1 exercise session/week %

No

4037

27.4

31.3

21.8

19.1

23.8

39.3

40.6

Yes

1967

33.5

37.6

25.1

23.6

39.0

33.5

45.7

P

 

<0.001

0.023

0.087

0.210

0.040

0.312

0.091

 Overweight BMI >25 %

No

3757

51.5

52.8

48.4

51.9

60.2

48.3

57.0

Yes

1806

60.2

65.0

56.3

63.4

58.3

51.8

63.3

P

 

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.011

0.816

0.560

0.044

Drinking patternsa

 Average session binge %

No

3640

17.9

1.0

16.5

36.0

87.6

  

Yes

911

25.0

2.0

27.1

51.7

91.7

  

P

 

<0.001

0.111

<0.001

<0.001

0.422

  

 Typically drink wine %

No

3189

64.0

54.9

65.2

74.8

63.8

  

Yes

1362

47.9

47.1

48.4

54.6

30.0

  

P

 

<0.001

0.008

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  

 Typically drink spirits %

No

3189

16.4

16.7

15.7

16.5

24.8

  

Yes

1362

22.6

22.2

22.3

21.3

33.3

  

P

 

<0.001

0.017

<0.001

0.168

0.280

  

 Typically drink beer/cider %

No

3189

26.5

18.3

28.0

30.3

47.6

  

Yes

1362

34.6

21.7

37.3

48.9

56.7

  

P

 

<0.001

0.136

<0.001

<0.001

0.263

  

 > =5 units/week underestimate %

No

3189

16.0

3.4

16.8

31.7

28.6

  

Yes

1362

13.5

2.0

16.3

25.9

30.0

  

P

 

0.031

0.180

0.800

0.153

0.860

  

Drinking historiesb

 Regular drinker <18 years %

No

3501

41.8

40.4

41.4

47.0

58.1

 

36.4

Yes

1581

43.4

37.8

46.4

48.0

61.0

 

37.6

P

 

0.284

0.410

0.025

0.830

0.715

 

0.721

 Drunk <18 years %

No

3196

43.2

35.4

45.2

51.0

57.1

 

35.8

Yes

1470

45.1

38.4

49.8

51.8

60.0

 

35.9

P

 

0.226

0.352

0.053

0.852

0.728

 

0.975

 Frequent drinking history %

No

3381

4.8

1.2

5.2

9.4

6.6

 

4.3

Yes

1511

4.9

1.3

5.2

15.3

9.1

 

3.5

P

 

0.838

0.889

0.998

0.049

0.728

 

0.522

 Drunken/bingeing history %

No

3397

13.3

7.3

14.6

20.7

31.5

 

9.8

Yes

1511

15.4

6.3

19.1

35.1

40.0

 

8.9

P

 

0.052

0.549

0.013

<0.001

0.325

 

0.650

  1. aAnalysis possible only for current drinkers. bAnalysis possible only for ex and current drinkers; For definitions of each alcohol harm paradox variable please see methodology. Consumption categories are defined as in Table 1. Frequent drinking and drunken/bingeing histories are limited to individuals aged 35 years or more at interview. One unit is approximately 8 g of pure alcohol
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