Table 3 Factors associated with UAI with multiple non-steady sexual partners. Adjusted odds ratios and 99 %-confidence intervals from multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models

Diagnosed HIV infection

4.10 (3.54–4.75)***

3.96 (3.36–4.66)***

0.95 (0.82–1.11)

Age

  < 25

N.S.

0.77 (0.69–0.87)***

1.18 (1.10–1.26)***

 25–39

N.S.

0.92 (0.85–1.01)⁺

1.00 (0.95–1.05)

 40+

N.S.

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Education°

 ISCED 1–3

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 ISCED 4

0.85 (0.77–0.93)***

0.93 (0.84–1.03)

0.87 (0.82–0.93)***

 ISCED 5

0.67 (0.61–0.74)***

0.88 (0.79–0.97)***

0.73 (0.69–0.77)***

 ISCED 6

0.55 (0.50–0.61)***

0.85 (0.76–0.94)***

0.61 (0.57–0.65)***

Settlement size: 500,000+

N.S.

1.05 (0.97–1.13)

0.85 (0.81–0.88)***

Unemployed/Student/Retired/Other

N.S.

N.S.

1.06 (1.01–1.12)*

Sexual happiness

1.31 (1.20–1.44)***

1.38 (1.28–1.49)***

0.93 (0.88–0.98)**

In steady relationship

N.S.

 Happy w/ sex life

0.60 (0.55–0.66)***

0.77 (0.73–0.81)***

 Not happy w/ sex life

0.84 (0.74–0.97)*

0.93 (0.86–0.997)*

Out to all or almost all people participant knows

1.13 (1.04–1.22)**

1.14 (1.06–1.23)***

N.S.

Feelings of loneliness

1.15 (1.07–1.24)***

N.S.

1.24 (1.18–1.29)***

Experience of violence due to sexual attraction to men in past 12 months

 Physical

1.67 (1.39–2.01)***

1.54 (1.28–1.87)***

1.07 (0.94–1.22)

 Intimidation or verbal abuse

1.08 (1.00–1.16)*

1.00 (0.93–1.08)

1.09 (1.05–1.14)***

Visits to gay sex venues in past 4 weeks

2.19 (2.04–2.35)***

2.10 (1.95–2.26)***

N.S.

Sold sex in past 12 months

2.89 (2.59–3.22)***

2.13 (1.91–2.39)***

1.39 (1.27–1.51)***

Bought sex in past 12 months

1.38 (1.24–1.54)***

1.25 (1.12–1.40)***

N.S.

Exposed to information about HIV/STIs for MSM in past 12 months

0.76 (0.69–0.84)***

0.91 (0.82–1.00)⁺

0.83 (0.79–0.88)***

Knew that effective treatment of HIV infection reduces the risk of HIV being transmitted

1.14 (1.06–1.22)***

1.18 (1.09–1.27)***

N.S.

Use of nitrite inhalants in past 4 weeks

1.89 (1.75–2.05)***

1.60 (1.47–1.73)***

1.21 (1.15–1.28)***

Use of drugs associated with sex and parties in past 4 weeks

1.60 (1.42–1.79)***

1.22 (1.09–1.38)***

1.35 (1.24–1.46)***

Erectile dysfunction drugs in past 4 weeks

2.07 (1.87–2.28)***

1.65 (1.48–1.1.83)***

1.29 (1.19–1.39)***