| |
Exceed guidelines: typical ED session (n = 962)
|
Exceed guidelines: maximum ED session (n = 981)
|
Exceed guidelines: typical AmED session (n = 704)
|
Exceed guidelines: maximum AmED session (n = 694)
|
|---|
|
Model
|
b
|
p
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
b
|
p
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
b
|
p
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
b
|
p
|
OR (95 % CI)
|
|---|
|
Step 1
|
R
2
= .017
|
R
2
= .040
|
R
2
= .002
|
R
2
= .003
|
|
Accurate estimator
|
0.63
|
.008
|
1.88 (1.18–3.01)
|
0.74
|
<.001
|
2.10 (1.60–2.76)
|
0.15
|
.339
|
1.16 (0.86–1.57)
|
0.21
|
.183
|
1.23 (0.91–1.67)
|
|
Step 2
|
R
2
= .045
|
R
2
= .091
|
R
2
= .029
|
R
2
= .028
|
|
Accurate estimator
|
0.62
|
.011
|
1.86 (1.15–3.00)
|
0.69
|
<.001
|
1.99 (1.50–2.63)
|
0.10
|
.541
|
1.10 (0.81–1.50)
|
0.18
|
.270
|
1.19 (0.87–1.63)
|
|
Age
|
0.03
|
.158
|
1.03 (0.99–1.07)
|
−0.01
|
.267
|
0.99 (0.96–1.01)
|
−0.02
|
.219
|
0.98 (0.95–1.01)
|
0.00
|
.937
|
1.00 (0.97–1.03)
|
|
Male
|
0.72
|
.003
|
2.05 (1.27–3.34)
|
0.77
|
<.001
|
2.17 (1.64–2.86)
|
0.52
|
.001
|
1.69 (1.24–2.29)
|
0.40
|
.011
|
1.50 (1.10–2.04)
|
|
Employed
|
−0.01
|
.957
|
1.01 (0.61–1.68)
|
−0.05
|
.718
|
0.95 (0.71–1.27)
|
0.19
|
.247
|
1.21 (0.88–1.67)
|
0.32
|
.049
|
1.38 (1.00–1.91)
|
|
Completed tertiary
|
−0.27
|
.334
|
0.76 (0.44–1.32)
|
−0.17
|
.295
|
0.84 (0.61–1.16)
|
−0.02
|
.912
|
0.98 (0.68–1.40)
|
−0.19
|
.292
|
0.83 (0.58–1.18)
|
|
Studying tertiary
|
0.19
|
.569
|
1.21 (0.63–2.32)
|
0.18
|
.336
|
1.20 (0.83–1.75)
|
0.12
|
.580
|
1.12 (0.74–1.73)
|
0.21
|
.343
|
1.23 (0.80–1.87)
|
|
Step 3
|
R
2
= .116
|
R
2
= .329
|
R
2
= .073
|
R
2
= .089
|
|
Accurate estimator
|
0.41
|
.109
|
1.50 (0.91–2.26)
|
0.43
|
.007
|
1.54 (1.12–2.12)
|
0.01
|
.936
|
1.01 (0.74–1.39)
|
0.08
|
.640
|
1.08 (0.78–1.49)
|
|
Age
|
0.03
|
.192
|
1.03 (0.99–1.07)
|
−0.02
|
.283
|
0.99 (0.96–1.01)
|
−0.02
|
.320
|
0.98 (0.95–1.02)
|
0.01
|
.715
|
1.01 (0.98–1.04)
|
|
Male
|
0.62
|
.014
|
1.86 (1.13–3.05)
|
0.64
|
<.001
|
1.89 (1.38–2.59)
|
0.40
|
.013
|
1.49 (1.09–2.05)
|
0.24
|
.143
|
1.27 (0.92–1.76)
|
|
Employed
|
−0.05
|
.852
|
0.95 (0.57–1.60)
|
−0.21
|
.204
|
0.81 (0.58–1.12)
|
0.11
|
.517
|
1.12 (0.80–1.55)
|
0.24
|
.155
|
1.27 (0.91–1.77)
|
|
Completed tertiary
|
−0.29
|
.314
|
0.75 (0.43–1.31)
|
−0.21
|
.254
|
0.81 (0.57–1.16)
|
0.10
|
.956
|
1.01 (0.70–1.45)
|
−0.16
|
.409
|
0.86 (0.59–1.24)
|
|
Studying tertiary
|
0.22
|
.517
|
1.25 (0.64–2.44)
|
0.21
|
.338
|
1.23 (0.81–1.88)
|
0.12
|
.615
|
1.12 (0.72–1.73)
|
0.19
|
.382
|
1.21 (0.79–1.87)
|
|
Frequency of use
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Monthly or less (ref)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Every two weeks-weekly
|
0.15
|
.658
|
1.17 (0.59–2.29)
|
1.18
|
<.001
|
3.25 (2.29–4.62)
|
0.77
|
<.001
|
2.16 (1.49–3.13)
|
0.89
|
<.001
|
2.43 (1.67–3.54)
|
|
More than weekly
|
1.49
|
<.001
|
4.44 (2.56–7.73)
|
2.80
|
<.001
|
16.39 (10.58–25.40)
|
0.82
|
<.001
|
2.27 (1.47–3.51)
|
1.02
|
<.001
|
2.76 (1.75–4.35)
|
|
Step 4
|
-
|
-
|
R
2
= .153
|
R
2
= .223
|
|
Accurate estimator
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
−0.06
|
.722
|
0.94 (0.68–1.31)
|
−0.07
|
.695
|
0.93 (0.66–1.32)
|
|
Age
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
−0.01
|
.598
|
0.99 (0.96–1.02)
|
0.02
|
.220
|
1.02 (0.99–1.06)
|
|
Male
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.20
|
.228
|
1.23 (0.88–1.71)
|
0.03
|
.855
|
1.03 (0.73–1.46)
|
|
Employed
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.10
|
.581
|
1.10 (0.78–1.55)
|
0.28
|
.127
|
1.32 (0.93–1.89)
|
|
Completed tertiary
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
−0.04
|
.854
|
0.97 (0.66–1.41)
|
−0.23
|
.243
|
0.79 (0.54–1.17)
|
|
Studying tertiary
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.05
|
.829
|
1.05 (0.67–1.64)
|
0.16
|
.492
|
1.18 (0.74–1.87)
|
|
Frequency of use
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Monthly or less (ref)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Every two weeks-weekly
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.78
|
<.001
|
2.19 (1.50–3.19)
|
0.92
|
<.001
|
2.50 (1.68–3.73)
|
|
More than weekly
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.82
|
<.001
|
2.26 (1.45–3.52)
|
1.01
|
<.001
|
2.75 (1.70–4.46)
|
|
Exceed alcohol guidelines typical AmED sessions
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.12
|
<.001
|
3.05 (2.19–4.25)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Exceed alcohol guidelines maximum AmED sessions
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.53
|
<.001
|
4.63 (3.26–6.58)
|
- This table presents the results of multivariate hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses. The dependent variable is whether the past year ED consumer reported exceeding ED maximum recommended daily intake guidelines (≥3 standard 250 mL EDs) in typical and maximum ED and AmED drinking sessions in the preceding 12 months. Step 1: awareness of ED guidelines (‘uninformed consumer’ versus ‘accurate estimator’); Step 2: sex, age, employment, completed tertiary qualification, and studying for tertiary qualification; Step 3: frequency of ED use (‘fortnightly-weekly’ and ‘more than weekly’ versus ‘monthly or less); Step 4 (AmED models only): exceeding alcohol intake guidelines (≥5 standard alcoholic drinks) in typical and maximum AmED sessions. Those values bolded indicate statistical significance (p < .050) and those italicised indicated a trend towards statistical significance (p < .100). ED: energy drink; AmED: alcohol mixed with energy drink OR: odds ratio. 95 % CI: 95 % confidence interval
