Table 2 Adjusted mean scores^a at baseline (BL) and at evaluation I to IV: Effect of repetition & reinforcement on oral health knowledge, behavior & status

K-Dent (Score: 3)

BL

1.28 (1.16–1.37)

1.25 (1.08–1.43)

1.35 (1.17–1.52)

1.23 (1.05–1.40)

I

1.63 (1.50–1.71)

1.56 (1.37–1.74)

1.50 (1.31–1.68)

1.82 (1.64–2.00)

II

1.46 (1.37–1.55)

1.42 (1.24–1.59)

1.40 (1.22–1.58)

1.55 (1.44–1.65)

III

2.69 (2.57–2.79)

2.82 (2.63–3.00)

2.68 (2.50–2.80)

2.57 (2.41–2.73)

IV

2.14 (2.03–2.25)

1.95 (1.74–2.16)

2.34 (2.13–2.49)

2.12 (1.90–2.33)

K-Caries (Score: 4)

BL

0.49 (0.41–0.56)

0.42 (0.32–0.52)

0.57 (0.47–0.67)

0.49 (0.40–0.59)

I

0.73 (0.65–0.80)

0.68 (0.58–0.77)

0.73 (0.64–0.83)

0.79 (0.70–0.89)

II

0.66 (0.60–0.75)

0.57 (0.50–0.64)

0.68 (0.61–0.76)

0.73 (0.65–0.80)

III

1.45 (1.37–1.51)

1.42 (1.25–1.59)

1.38 (1.21–1.55)

1.55 (1.38–1.72)

IV

1.20 (1.14–1.28)

1.13 (1.01–1.24)

1.24 (1.12–1.37)

1.22 (1.10–1.35)

K-Gingivitis (Score: 2)

BL

0.39 (0.33–0.45)

0.42 (0.36–0.48)

0.39 (0.33–0.45)

0.37 (0.31–0.43)

I

0.62 (0.55–0.67)

0.69 (0.59–0.80)

0.48 (0.38–0.59)

0.68 (0.57–0.78)

II

0.52 (0.46–0.58)

0.57 (0.48–0.65)

0.44 (0.35–0.53)

0.56 (0.48–0.65)

III

1.12 (1.06–1.18)

1.20 (1.04–1.37)

1.01 (0.95–1.07)

1.16 (0.99–1.32)

IV

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

0.97 (0.91–1.03)

0.85 (0.76–0.94)

1.05 (0.93–1.17)

K-Cancer (Score: 3)

BL

0.25 (0.16–0.34)

0.21 (0.15–0.26)

0.29 (0.24–0.35)

0.24 (0.19–0.29)

I

0.60 (0.52–0.67)

0.73 (0.59–0.86)

0.45 (0.32–0.58)

0.61 (0.48–0.75)

II

0.37 (0.29–0.44)

0.35 (0.24–0.46)

0.37 (0.30–0.43)

0.38 (0.31–0.46)

III

1.15 (1.11–1.26)

1.29 (1.09–1.49)

0.94 (0.74–1.13)

1.23 (1.03–1.42)

IV

1.07 (0.98–1.14)

1.21 (1.04–1.39)

0.82 (0.65–0.99)

1.17 (1.00–1.34)

OHK-Composite (Score: 12)

BL

2.41 (2.15–2.66)

2.29 (2.05–2.54)

2.59 (2.32–2.86)

2.36 (2.12–2.60)

I

3.57 (3.28–3.86)

3.66 (3.43–3.89)

3.16 (2.84–3.48)

3.90 (3.61–4.19)

II

3.01 (2.73–3.30)

2.91 (2.64–3.18)

2.89 (2.66–3.12)

3.22 (2.98–3.46)

III

6.42 (6.16–6.68)

6.69 (6.37–7.02)

6.01 (5.68–6.35)

6.55 (6.25–6.86)

IV

5.41 (5.14–5.62)

5.33 (4.80–5.87)

5.32 (4.79–5.85)

5.58 (5.05–6.11)

Attitudes (Score: 2)

BL

1.92 (1.90–1.93)

1.95 (1.91–1.98)

1.92 (1.89–1.95)

1.88 (1.85–1.91)

I

1.95 (1.94–1.97)

1.96 (1.94–1.99)

1.94 (1.92–1.97)

1.95 (1.92–1.97)

II

1.95 (1.93–1.96)

1.95 (1.92–1.98)

1.96 (1.93–1.98)

1.93 (1.90–1.96)

III

1.97 (1.96–1.99)

1.97 (1.95–1.99)

1.97 (1.95–1.99)

1.98 (1.96–2.00)

IV

1.96 (1.94–1.97)

1.97 (1.95–1.99)

1.95 (1.92–1.97)

1.95 (1.93–1.98)

OHB-Gingivitis (Score: 6)

BL

1.64 (1.50–1.79)

1.56 (1.37–1.74)

1.75 (1.57–1.94)

1.62 (1.44–1.80)

I

2.25 (2.13–2.41)

2.25 (2.07–2.42)

2.14 (1.97–2.31)

2.37 (2.20–2.54)

II

2.08 (1.95–2.23)

2.01 (1.92–2.13)

2.04 (1.86–2.22)

2.20 (2.11–2.29)

III

3.88 (3.73–4.02)

3.76 (3.58–3.94)

3.71 (3.45–3.97)

4.18 (4.01–4.36)

IV

3.83 (3.69–3.97)

3.65 (3.48–3.83)

3.73 (3.55–3.92)

4.10 (3.96–4.25)

OHB-Cancer (Score: 6)

BL

1.81 (1.64–1.97)

1.84 (1.62–2.05)

1.80 (1.62–1.98)

1.78 (1.57–2.00)

I

2.04 (1.94–2.18)

2.12 (2.02–2.23)

2.00 (1.89–2.11)

1.99 (1.84–2.14)

II

1.95 (1.88–2.22)

2.03 (1.67–2.17)

1.92 (1.75–2.26)

1.90 (1.91–2.42)

III

3.77 (3.61–3.93)

3.88 (3.60–4.26)

3.50 (3.12–3.79)

3.94 (3.59–4.26)

IV

3.61 (3.42–3.77)

3.66 (3.42–3.87)

3.39 (3.18–3.63)

3.79 (3.59–4.04)

OHB-Composite (Score: 12)

BL

3.42 (3.18–3.72)

3.39 (3.09–3.69)

3.59 (3.29–3.89)

3.42 (3.12–3.71)

I

4.29 (4.00–4.58)

4.37 (4.09–4.65)

4.14 (3.81–4.46)

4.36 (4.09–4.63)

II

4.03 (3.74–4.32)

4.04 (3.83–4.26)

3.96 (3.73–4.20)

4.10 (3.92–4.28)

III

7.66 (7.36–7.95)

7.64 (7.35–7.99)

7.21 (6.89–7.53)

8.12 (7.86–8.38)

IV

7.44 (7.15–7.72)

7.30 (6.97–7.47)

7.14 (6.82–7.47)

7.92 (7.60–8.24)

DMFT-Composite

BL

0.16 (0.11–0.21)

0.13 (0.07–0.19)

0.19 (0.13–0.26)

0.17 (0.11–0.23)

I

0.16 (0.12–0.21)

0.13 (0.07–0.20)

0.19 (0.13–0.26)

0.17 (0.11–0.23)

II

0.20 (0.15–0.24)

0.17 (0.10–0.24)

0.22 (0.15–0.28)

0.20 (0.14–0.27)

III

0.28 (0.23–0.33)

0.25 (0.17–0.33)

0.30 (0.22–0.38)

0.29 (0.21–0.36)

IV

0.30 (0.25–0.35)

0.31 (0.26–0.36)

0.31 (0.26–0.36)

0.29 (0.21–0.36)

OHS-Composite

BL

3.64 (3.06–4.22)

4.20 (3.52–4.88)

3.49 (2.81–4.16)

3.46 (2.79–4.13)

I

3.12 (2.55–3.68)

3.59 (3.02–4.16)

3.12 (2.55–3.68)

3.06 (2.47–3.65)

II

2.63 (2.08–3.19)

3.09 (2.68–3.50)

2.77 (2.36–3.18)

2.56 (2.16–2.96)

III

4.44 (3.86–5.02)

4.60 (4.15–5.06)

4.56 (4.11–5.01)

4.68 (4.23–5.12)

IV

4.85 (4.29–5.41)

5.20 (4.66–5.74)

4.86 (4.32–5.39)

5.00 (4.47–5.53)