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Table 4 Factors related to “not good quality of life” and “unsatisfactory health” at 5 years

From: Five years after the accident, whiplash casualties still have poorer quality of life in the physical domain than other mildly injured casualties: analysis of the ESPARR cohort

 

Not good overall quality of life

Unsatisfactory health

 

Adj RR

95 % CI

Adj RR

95 % CI

Adj RR

95 % CI

Adj RR

95 % CI

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Adjustment factors

Age > =35 years

2.10

1.41–3.13

1.95

1.30–2.92

1.23

0.89–1.69

1.17

0.87–1.57

Gender: female

1.29

0.85–1.94

1.13

0.74–1.72

1.27

0.91–1.76

1.00

0.73–1.37

Other factors

Education level

<school-leaving cert

1.43

0.82–2.47

1.10

0.61–1.99

1.69

1.05–2.70

-

 

>school-leaving cert.

0.62

0.31–1.24

0.56

0.28–1.11

1.12

0.65–1.93

-

 

Intention to lodge a complaint

-

 

-

 

1.64

1.11–2.42

-

 

Psychological history

1.63

1.11–2.38

1.69

1.16–2.46

1.61

1.18–2.20

1.76

1.30–2.37

PTSD

1.97

1.30–2.98

1.78

1.17–2.70

1.61

1.16–2.24

1.48

1.10–1.99

Factor of interest

Whiplash grade1

0.87

0.51–1.51

0.80

0.47–1.36

0.91

0.57–1.46

0.83

0.53–1.30

Whiplash grade2

1.43

0.93–2.17

1.24

0.81–1.90

1.48

1.05 –2.08

1.19

0.85–1.65

Suffering from Pain at 5 years

-

-

1.96

1.27–3.03

-

-

2.75

1.98–3.83

  1. (modified Poisson regression models), model 1 without pain in the model; model 2 with pain)