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Table 5 Multivariate-adjusteda odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for dental care use

From: Wealth-related versus income-related inequalities in dental care use under universal public coverage: a panel data analysis of the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement

   

Income

Financial assets

Real assets

Total wealth

   

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

Economic variables

    
  

1st quartile (lowest)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

2nd quartile

1.03 (0.80–1.31)

1.17 (0.91–1.50)

1.27 (1.00–1.61)

1.28 (0.98–1.67)

  

3rd quartile

1.08 (0.82–1.41)

1.25 (0.94–1.66)

1.40 (1.08–1.82)

1.40 (1.07–1.82)

  

4th quartile (highest)

0.98 (0.74–1.30)

1.26 (0.96–1.66)

1.40 (1.04–1.86)

1.39 (1.04–1.84)

Need variables

    
 

Age

    
  

52–59 years

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

60–64 years

1.22 (0.96–1.54)

1.20 (0.94–1.52)

1.19 (0.94–1.52)

1.18 (0.93–1.51)

  

65–69 years

1.42 (1.11–1.82)

1.39 (1.08–1.79)

1.41 (1.10–1.80)

1.37 (1.07–1.76)

  

≥70 years

1.29 (1.00–1.66)

1.27 (0.99–1.63)

1.26 (0.98–1.62)

1.24 (0.96–1.60)

 

Use of denturesb

    
  

No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

Yes

1.00 (0.85–1.19)

1.00 (0.84–1.18)

1.01 (0.85–1.19)

1.00 (0.85–1.19)

 

Chewing abilityb

    
  

Very well

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

Almost well

0.94 (0.79–1.11)

0.94 (0.79–1.12)

0.95 (0.80–1.13)

0.95 (0.80–1.13)

  

Not well

1.10 (0.73–1.67)

1.14 (0.75–1.73)

1.14 (0.75–1.73)

1.16 (0.76–1.76)

Non-need variables

    
 

Sex

    
  

Men

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

Women

1.20 (1.02–1.41)

1.20 (1.02–1.41)

1.20 (1.02–1.41)

1.19 (1.01–1.40)

 

Marital status

    
  

Married/Common-law

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

Others

0.89 (0.72–1.09)

0.89 (0.73–1.09)

0.95 (0.77–1.18)

0.94 (0.77–1.17)

 

Educational attainment

    
  

Elementary/Junior high school

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

Senior high school

1.36 (1.13–1.64)

1.34 (1.11–1.61)

1.35 (1.12–1.63)

1.33 (1.11–1.61)

  

>Senior high school

1.60 (1.27–2.02)

1.55 (1.23–1.95)

1.54 (1.22–1.95)

1.52 (1.21–1.92)

 

Work status

    
  

Working

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

  

Not working

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

1.02 (0.86–1.22)

1.01 (0.85–1.21)

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

  1. aAdjusted for all other variables in the table
  2. bData on use of dentures and chewing ability were derived from the first wave of JSTAR, 2007