Table 1 General Characteristics of participants by smoking status
From: Is secondhand smoke associated with stress in smokers and non-smokers?
| (unit = n, %) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | p-value | |||||||
| Smoker | Ex-smoker | Never-smoker | ||||||
| Secondhand smoke exposure state | ||||||||
| Exposure | Workplace & home | 422 | (7.1) | 132 | (2.4) | 978 | (6.0) | <.0001 |
| Workplace | 2,875 | (42.5) | 2,160 | (38.4) | 3,382 | (19.9) | ||
| Home | 424 | (5.8) | 232 | (3.7) | 1,836 | (10.2) | ||
| Non-exposure | 3,516 | (44.5) | 4,214 | (55.5) | 13,557 | (63.9) | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 6,120 | (86.8) | 5,634 | (83.4) | 2,668 | (18.5) | <.0001 | |
| Female | 1,117 | (13.2) | 1,104 | (16.6) | 17,085 | (81.5) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 5,789 | (72.2) | 6,154 | (85.7) | 17,183 | (79.6) | <.0001 | |
| Single | 1,448 | (27.8) | 584 | (14.3) | 2,570 | (20.4) | ||
| Age | ||||||||
| 19–29 | 1,113 | (22.6) | 524 | (13.2) | 2,557 | (20.8) | <.0001 | |
| 30–39 | 1,852 | (27.8) | 1,026 | (18.6) | 3,689 | (19.6) | ||
| 40–49 | 1,542 | (23.2) | 1,135 | (22.4) | 3,694 | (21.7) | ||
| 50–59 | 1,216 | (15.5) | 1,214 | (19.9) | 3,676 | (17.5) | ||
| 60–69 | 858 | (6.5) | 1,399 | (13.8) | 3,290 | (11.0) | ||
| ≥ 70 | 656 | (4.4) | 1,440 | (12.0) | 2,847 | (9.5) | ||
| Income | ||||||||
| Low | 2,134 | (30.2) | 1,513 | (22.3) | 4,649 | (24.8) | <.0001 | |
| Middle-low | 1,904 | (25.7) | 1,700 | (25.8) | 4,860 | (24.8) | ||
| Middle-high | 1,674 | (23.5) | 1,784 | (26.3) | 5,055 | (25.3) | ||
| High | 1,525 | (20.6) | 1,741 | (25.5) | 5,189 | (25.1) | ||
| Economic status | ||||||||
| Employed | 5,510 | (78.5) | 4,388 | (70.8) | 10,207 | (54.3) | <.0001 | |
| Unemployed | 1,727 | (21.5) | 2,350 | (29.2) | 9,546 | (45.7) | ||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Elementary school | 1,295 | (12.2) | 1,661 | (17.8) | 6,138 | (23.1) | <.0001 | |
| Middle school | 841 | (10.6) | 844 | (11.1) | 2,048 | (9.7) | ||
| High school | 2,933 | (45.7) | 2,230 | (37.8) | 6,283 | (37.0) | ||
| University & college | 2,168 | (31.5) | 2,003 | (33.4) | 5,284 | (30.2) | ||
| Perceived health status | ||||||||
| Good | 5,824 | (82.8) | 5,343 | (82.5) | 15,152 | (79.8) | <.0001 | |
| Bad | 1,413 | (17.2) | 1,395 | (17.5) | 4,601 | (20.2) | ||
| Year | ||||||||
| 2007 | 543 | (8.0) | 561 | (9.1) | 1,511 | (8.0) | <.0001 | |
| 2008 | 1,457 | (18.4) | 1,240 | (18.0) | 3,732 | (17.4) | ||
| 2009 | 1,650 | (18.7) | 1,406 | (18.1) | 4,318 | (19.0) | ||
| 2010 | 1,329 | (19.0) | 1,252 | (18.9) | 3,570 | (18.6) | ||
| 2011 | 1,208 | (18.4) | 1,177 | (17.8) | 3,262 | (17.8) | ||
| 2012 | 1,050 | (17.5) | 1,102 | (18.1) | 3,360 | (19.1) | ||
| Total | 7,237 | (26.9) | 6,738 | (19.9) | 19,753 | (53.2) | ||
